英語閱讀理解是英語考試中一個非常重要的題型，分值高、題量大，既考查學(xué)生的單詞量和語法基礎(chǔ)，又考查學(xué)生的理解能力。

因此，對于英語基礎(chǔ)不扎實的同學(xué)來說，閱讀理解無疑是扣分的炸彈，蒙都不一定能找出正確答案！

提高閱讀理解的得分率其實是一項需要花費功夫的事情，通常通過“增加閱讀量→豐富詞匯量→提高閱讀速度→掌握閱讀技巧”達到得分的目的，然而很多同學(xué)在平時難以做到花時間花精力去做題、分析題型，所以閱讀理解就成了一道硬傷！

今天劉老師給大家分享一篇關(guān)于閱讀理解的解題“套路”的文章，希望對你的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助！

一、分門別類識文體

1.記敘文

主要抓四大要素，即時間、地點、人物和事件的起因、發(fā)展和結(jié)果，以及人物之間的關(guān)系、表現(xiàn)，從中分析他們的思想品質(zhì)、性格特征等。閱讀時一定要理清人物在事件中的時間線和意義。

2.議論文

主要是闡明對人、事的好與壞的立場觀點，因此在閱讀時必須正確把握文章的論點和論據(jù)，理清論證思路，確定作者的立場，再進行邏輯推理得出結(jié)論。

3.說明文

如果是介紹科學(xué)知識、社會知識的短文，在閱讀時，要以事實為中心進行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互關(guān)系等；如果是介紹社會現(xiàn)象的文章，應(yīng)掌握所談現(xiàn)象的內(nèi)涵。

4.應(yīng)用文

它是最貼近日常生活的文體，包括通知、廣告、便條、申請書、個人簡歷，形式多樣，題材各異，對這類文章應(yīng)根據(jù)題目簡明扼要的抓住所需信息，不需仔細閱讀，可推敲圖畫語言或數(shù)字，找出它們之間的關(guān)聯(lián)或含義，理解文章內(nèi)容。

二、分門別類解題型

閱讀理解的命題類型主要有四大類：主旨大意型、事實細節(jié)型、詞義猜測型、推理判斷型。針對每個題型都有各自的應(yīng)對方法。

1.主旨大意型

主要考查學(xué)生對短文整體理解概括的能力。一般是第一或最后一個題。標志詞有："mainly about; mainly discuss; best title; digest"等。干擾項可能是文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)，或是基于文中（不完全的）事實或細節(jié)推出的錯誤結(jié)論，以及一些非文章事實的主觀臆斷。

解題秘訣：

1)注意主題句（首段、尾段、各段首句或尾句），將其含義連接成一個整體；

2)小心“首段陷阱”，不要一看開頭就選擇答案；

3)排除太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實、有絕對性詞語或以偏概全的答案。

2.事實細節(jié)型

有關(guān)細節(jié)的問題常對文中的某個詞語、某個句子、某個段落等細節(jié)進行提問，一般可以直接或間接地在文中找到答案。提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what、who、which、where、how、why等。

解題秘訣：

1)切忌不要主觀臆斷，盡量在原文中找到該句子或詞語。

2)對文中原句進行語法和詞義上的精確剖析，重點抓原句的字面含義。

3)一般說來，選項中的正確答案意思與原句完全相同，只不過是用其他英語詞匯表達而已。

3.詞義猜測型

詞義猜測型題目是考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文判斷詞義的能力。

例題形式：What does the word "hamper" in paragraph 2 probably mean? 通常來說方法比較多，而且只要掌握了就不容易失分。

解題秘訣：

1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞意；

2)根據(jù)定義、解釋或說明猜測詞意；

3)根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測詞意；

4)通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞意；

5)根據(jù)同等關(guān)系猜測詞意；

6)根據(jù)舉例猜測詞意；

7)根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義。

4.推理判斷型

這是閱讀理解的重頭戲，注重歸納概括和邏輯推理能力，主要看考生能否透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者的思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等，可以算是各類題型中最難的一種。此類題目關(guān)鍵詞常用的有："infer，imply，suggest，conclude，purpose"等。常見的態(tài)度詞有：opposition 反對；suspicion 懷疑的；approval 贊成；indifference 冷漠（一般不選）；optimistic 樂觀的；subjective 主觀的；objective 客觀的；pessimistic 悲觀的；biased 有偏見的；impartial 公正的；sensitive 敏感的。（這些詞語需熟悉，最好背誦下來）

解題秘訣：

1)通過題干返回原文（或根據(jù)選項返回原文）；

2)注意推理時的“最近答案”原則，不要“想得太多、推得太遠”，推理題的答案很大程度上是原文的重現(xiàn)，不一定非要經(jīng)過邏輯推理從原文得出；

3)不要摻雜自己的觀點或主觀臆斷。

解題技巧不是投機取巧，帶著技巧去解題，你才會更加理解套路的本質(zhì)，從而得出正確答案，有效提分！

C

If you live in a place where most people speak the language you are learning, you may use the language for several hours each day. It may become part of your “inner speech.” In other words, you start thinking in that language. Your mind stops trying to translate things from your native language into the second language. But most of the English learners live in places where English is not the main language. This may be true for you. You may not have many chances to practice English. You may even be self-taught.

When you speak, your speech might be slower than you would like. This is because your mind is still translating from your first language, which can also sound unnatural. English, like every other language, has its own sentence structure.

The good news is that thinking in English can bring you a huge step closer to fluency (流利)! It is not very difficult, but it does need practice.

Most experts note that it’s best to start small. So, a good first step is to think in individual (單獨的) words. Look around you. What do you see? In your head, try to name each object in your surroundings. Charles Thomas has taught English for over 10 years. He tells his students to name the things that they see around them, wherever they are. Start with nouns and then add in verbs, he suggests.

Another exercise that Thomas suggests is describing in your mind objects you don’t know the words for. For example, if you’re looking at your house and you see your garage, but you can’t think of the name in English. You can say, “The place inside where I put my car.” You can also use shorter phrases, such as “It’s similar to...” or “It’s the opposite of...” Thomas says doing this can help learners of any language. As a Spanish learner, he does it himself.

Next, you can move to exercises like thinking in simple sentences and in conversations. So, how much time should you spend on these exercises? Thomas says you do a little every day. “When you make things a habit, then it just appears suddenly into your mind without thinking and then, before you know it, really, you’re thinking in English.”

27. According to the writer, people may speak a second language slowly because ________.

A. they don’t live in a place people speak that language

B. they try to translate from their native language

C. they don’t have time to practice that language

D. they may teach that language by themselves

28. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Your surroundings can help you translate the language well.

B. The sentence structure is the key to learn a second language well.

C. Thinking more in a second language may help you speak fluently.

D. Describing with shorter phrases can help spell the unknown words.

29. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?

A. To explain why our second language sounds unnatural.

B. To discuss our problems of learning a second language.

C. To show some examples of learning English by thinking.

D. To encourage people to train their brains to think in English.

【分析】文章介紹了用外語思考的重要性，并給出了具體的練習(xí)方法。

27【答案】B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“When you speak, your speech might be slower than you would like. This is because your mind is still translating from your first language”可知，當你說話時，你語速可能比你希望的要慢。這是因為你的大腦仍然在從你的母語里翻譯出來，故選B。

28【答案】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The good news is that thinking in English can bring you a huge step closer to fluency (流利)! It is not very difficult, but it does need practice.”可知，用英語思考會讓你離流利的表達更近一大步，也就是說多用第二語言思考可以幫助你說得流利。故選C。

29【答案】D主旨大意題。根據(jù)“…Thomas says you do a little every day. “When you make things a habit, then it just appears suddenly into your mind without thinking and then, before you know it, really, you’re thinking in English.” ”可知，文章主要是用外語思考的重要性，并給出了具體的練習(xí)方法，目的就是鼓勵人們訓(xùn)練大腦用英語思考。故選D。

criticism n.批評，批判

judgement n. 判斷（力）

remind v.提醒；使……想起

suffer v.遭遇，遭受（痛苦，災(zāi)難等）

positive adj. 積極的

negative adj. 消極的

get rid of 擺脫

program v.設(shè)定，編寫（程序）

correct v. 改正，修正 adj.正確的

excellent adj.優(yōu)秀的

stress the necessity of 強調(diào)……的必要性

Socialize v.交際，交往

Social adj. 社會的，社交的

Mask (face mask) n.口罩；面具

Involve v.包括，包含，涉及

At least 至少

Figure out 弄明白；解決

Be mindful of 注意的，想著的

Master v.掌握 n.大師

Slip down 滑落

Duty n.責任

In need 在危難中，在窮困中

Discomfort n.不舒適

Inconvenience n.不方便

Address problems 解決問題

Make the most of 充分利用

Present (the topic) v. 呈現(xiàn)，展示

pressure n.（精神或物理）壓力

stress n.（精神或物理）壓力 v.強調(diào)

performance n.表現(xiàn)；表演

beyond prep.超出……范圍；除……之外

expectation（expect的名詞）n.期待，期望

relate to 與……有關(guān)

affect v.影響

effect n.影響；效果

realize v.意識到；實現(xiàn)（夢想）

recognize v.意識到，認識到；認出；承認

result from 源于（由于）……

cause n.原因，緣由 v.導(dǎo)致

result in 導(dǎo)致……

have something to do with 與……有關(guān)

blame v.責備

criticize v. 批評，指責；評論

fall short of 達不到，缺乏

reach v. 聯(lián)系上某人

expectation n. 期待，預(yù)期；期望，指望

stress out 緊張的，有壓力的

an experienced teacher 一位經(jīng)驗豐富的老師

task organization 任務(wù)組織

time management 時間管理

complete v.完成 adj.完全的，徹底的

positive results 肯定的結(jié)果，正面的成果

regular adj.平常的，普通的，經(jīng)常的

D

Have you ever recorded information about your everyday activities by means of a smartphone? Perhaps you’ve tracked (追蹤) how many kilometers you’ve run, how many hours you’ve slept or how many calories you’ve burned in a day.

If so, you’ve taken part in a movement called the “Quantified Self Movement”, also called self-tracking. The idea is to take information about your everyday activities and analyze them to help form a healthier lifestyle.

Tracking daily activities isn’t a new idea. In past years, athletes and their coaches kept notes detailing nutrition, training and sleep patterns in order to achieve an athletic goal. Similarly, doctors have also helped patients to record parts of their lifestyles and eating habits to help fight allergies (過敏), headaches and other health problems. However, it wasn’t until 2007 that magazine editors Gary Wolf and Kim Kelly, who started tracking every move they made, invented the term “Quantified Self.” Wolf says that self-tracking will change our sense of self with the purpose of making us more effective in the world.

Self-tracking is becoming a lot more popular these days, as it becomes easier for people to use modern technology tools to track what they’re doing and share it with others. Recently, tools such as smartphones, journals and apps, along with newly published wearable things can help record personal data including sleeping hours, stress levels, heart rate, mood and so on. With these tools, self-tracking can help us recall our behavior with greater accuracy (精確) and see ourselves more clearly.

Although people benefit a lot from self-tracking, Dennis Nash, president of Data Speaks Health Solutions, says self-tracking has its drawbacks. Once people start tracking their daily activities, it can become an addition people like to do often. Also, they might begin to worry too much about their health.

While self-tracking doesn’t guarantee (保證) that one’s quality of life will improve, it can stress the importance of eating well and exercising daily. After all, the Quantified Self Movement’s focus is motivating (激勵) people to apply enough energy to make healthier choices.

30. According to the passage, Gary Wolf thinks self-tracking can ________.

A. change our personal dataB. improve living conditions

C. help people make choicesD. lead to self-improvements

31. The third paragraph is mainly about ________.

A. what self-tracking isB. why self-tracking is popular

C. who started self-trackingD. how self-tracking has developed

32. The word “drawbacks” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.

A. disadvantages B. experiments

C. challenges D. differences

33. The writer probably agrees that ________.

A. self-tracking can increase people’s self-sense towards a healthier life

B. people need as many tools as possible to track their daily activities

C. people can achieve a better standard of life from self-tracking

D. too much self-tracking may bring people health problems

【分析】文章介紹了自我追蹤是什么，對身體的健康的影響以及其利弊。

30【答案】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wolf says that self-tracking will change our sense of self with the purpose of making us more effective in the world.”可知，自我追蹤會改變我們的自我意識，目的是讓我們在這個世界上更有效率。也就是自我追蹤會引導(dǎo)自我完善，故選D。

31【答案】D主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Tracking daily activities isn’t a new idea. In past years…Wolf says that self-tracking will change our sense of self with the purpose of making us more effective in the world.”可知，本段主要是介紹自我追蹤的發(fā)展情況，故選D。

32【答案】A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Once people start tracking their daily activities, it can become an addition people like to do often. Also, they might begin to worry too much about their health.”可知，這里說的是自我追蹤的不好的方面，也就是它的缺點，所以單詞“drawbacks”指的是“缺點”，故選A。

33【答案】A觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“While self-tracking doesn’t guarantee (保證) that one’s quality of life will improve, it can stress the importance of eating well and exercising daily. After all, the Quantified Self Movement’s focus is motivating (激勵) people to apply enough energy to make healthier choices.”可知，雖然自我追蹤并不能保證一個人的生活質(zhì)量會提高，但它可以強調(diào)飲食和日常鍛煉的重要性。重點是激勵人們運用足夠的能量做出更健康的選擇。所以自我追蹤可以增加人們對更健康生活的自我感覺，故選A。

be of value = be valuable 有價值的

alive adj.活著的；活躍的，有活力的

unlike prep.不像

passed from generation to generation 代代相傳

bet v.打賭

a whole lot of 許許多多的

reconnect v.重新連接；重新溝通；再次回憶

involve v.涉及，包含

last v.持續(xù)

set in stone （刻在石頭里）固定的，不變的

long for sth. 渴望/期待某物

long to do sth. 渴望/期待做某事

whether … or … 不論……還是……

occasion n.場合；時刻

take a breather 歇口氣；休息片刻

catch up 追上，趕上

get used to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于（做）某事

stability n.穩(wěn)定

bind … together 把……結(jié)合/凝聚到一起

company n.陪伴；公司

remind v.提醒；使想起

strengthen v.加強；鞏固

tie n.聯(lián)系

pull through 渡過難關(guān)；恢復(fù)健康

comment n. 評論，意見 v. 評論，發(fā)表意見

pour one’s heart into …專心于…；全心全意投入…

note n.音符

echo v.回響，發(fā)出回聲；附和

pitch n.音調(diào)，音高

expect v.預(yù)料，預(yù)想到；期望，期待

relieve v.緩解，緩和；減輕

unnoticed adj.被忽視的，不引人注意的

wonder n.奇跡；驚嘆

undoubtedly adv.毫無疑問地

work v.運作，運行

completely adv.完全地，徹底地

present v.提出；呈現(xiàn)；展現(xiàn)

set free 釋放

possibility n.可能性

opportunity n.機會

disadvantage n.缺點，劣勢

rather than 而不是

work out 計算出；解決

come up with 提出

creation n.創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作物，作品

balance n.平衡

a matter of ……的事情

set limits on sth. 對……進行限制

disturb v.打擾

in the long run 長期以來，長期看來

further v.促進，推進

keep a journal 記日記

purpose n.目的，意圖

relationship n.關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)

trustworthy adj.值得信任的

pick v.挑選

competence n.能力，技能

bring … to the table 提供有價值、有益的東西

be willing to … 愿意做……

performance n.表現(xiàn)

in order to 為了

enjoyable adj.令人愉快的

carry out 執(zhí)行，實施

randomly adv.隨機地，任意地

form v.建立；構(gòu)成

capital n.資本；資金

challenging adj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的；不贊同的

supportive adj.支持的，擁護的

expect v.預(yù)料，意料；期望

extremely adv.極其地

competent adj.有能力的，能勝任的

major adj.主要的，重大的

implication n. 可能的影響（或作用、結(jié)果）

long-distance adj.遠程的

mixed adj.混合的

coworker n.同事

interaction n.交流，互動

noticeable adj.明顯的，顯而易見的；重要的

outweigh v.勝過，比……重要

decisive adj.關(guān)鍵的，決定性的

fit into 融入

劉老師敲黑板！

今日總結(jié)如下：

根據(jù)歷年來各地中考閱讀理解題型的分析，將閱讀理解題大致歸納為以下四類：

一、細節(jié)理解題

一般針對某個特定的細節(jié)而提供，難度較小，屬表層信息理解，考生通讀短文后可直接找出答案依據(jù)。

解題技巧

通讀短文，領(lǐng)會文章大意，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細節(jié)，特別注意：

1. 五個W （who，which，when，where，what）和一個H （how）；

2. 數(shù)字、日期、時間等；

3. 注意加強語氣的詞。然后運用排除法排除不符合原文細節(jié)的選項，剩下的就是要選擇的最佳答案。

二、詞句理解題

此題要求考生正確理解短文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞語或句子的含義，常用的方法是多種表達法、一詞多義法、同義近義或反義提示法、習(xí)語釋文法及句型轉(zhuǎn)換法等。

解題技巧

1. 正確理解題意，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語或句子，根據(jù)特定的語境來判斷理解，

推敲斟酌和最后確定其準確含義。

2. 根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的技巧：

（1）注意定義和解釋；

（2）同義詞或近義詞的提示；

（3）近義詞和反義詞的提示；

（4）利用懸念的屬種關(guān)系；

（5）借助已有知識或生活常識。

三、推理判斷題

通過字里行間的閱讀，作合理的推斷。

解題技巧

1. 分析文章的主旨。

2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

3. 尋找文章的邏輯思路。

4. 核對問題中各項選擇與文章中有關(guān)詞句的聯(lián)系。

四、歸納概括題

此題主要針對文章的主題、中心思想、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次（主題句或主題段），要求同學(xué)們在理解全文后歸納短文要點，概括中心思路。

解題技巧

通讀全文，了解大意，靈活運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等方法，準確理解文章的話題和中心思想。有時還要求對作者敘述的意圖和觀點作進一步剖析，甚至推測作者的語氣和態(tài)度等。

一般說來，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主題句，且多位于段首或段末，有時也會夾在中間。對無主題句的篇章，考生應(yīng)對文章進行分析和歸納，然后概括中心思想。

答題步驟

1. 先看問題，再讀文章。帶著問題閱讀短文，確定主攻方向，特別要注意首尾段和首尾句，

把握文章的主題，摘取有用的材料。

2.細讀全文，認真分析與問題有關(guān)的詞匯、句子或段落，特別留心一些關(guān)鍵信息詞。

3. 復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案。在選出全部答案后，應(yīng)將答案帶入問題中重讀全文，看前后意思

是否連貫，有無矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，則要考慮重選答案。

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