摘要：

遠(yuǎn)程心理服務(wù)(Telepsychology)是利用遠(yuǎn)程通訊技術(shù)提供心理服務(wù)的新興心理服務(wù)方式, 雖然在COVID-19疫情期間得到了廣泛應(yīng)用, 但仍缺乏相關(guān)行業(yè)應(yīng)用規(guī)范及專業(yè)培訓(xùn)體系?，F(xiàn)有的遠(yuǎn)程心理服務(wù)三維模型以應(yīng)用環(huán)境、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域、應(yīng)用方式為服務(wù)框架, 結(jié)合九個(gè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域開展遠(yuǎn)程心理服務(wù)。我們根據(jù)已有研究提出了以咨詢師、治療方法、遠(yuǎn)程技術(shù)手段為主要因素、以來訪者為中心的遠(yuǎn)程心理服務(wù)應(yīng)用模型。人工智能在遠(yuǎn)程心理服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用主要包括三個(gè)方面：機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)與人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、自然語言處理與情感分析、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)與增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)。目前, 遠(yuǎn)程心理服務(wù)正以蓬勃的態(tài)勢極速發(fā)展：其在提高心理服務(wù)督導(dǎo)效率、減少服務(wù)成本等方面有著顯著優(yōu)勢, 同時(shí)在心理服務(wù)從業(yè)人員對遠(yuǎn)程心理服務(wù)的接受度、來訪者的適應(yīng)性、重視程度方面也面臨著挑戰(zhàn)。未來遠(yuǎn)程心理服務(wù)可以在監(jiān)管體系、從業(yè)者培訓(xùn)、遠(yuǎn)程應(yīng)用技術(shù)三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行深入探索。

關(guān)鍵詞: 遠(yuǎn)程心理服務(wù), 心理健康, 網(wǎng)絡(luò)心理咨詢

Abstract:

Telepsychology service can allow experienced psychological service providers to quickly shift their attention to the places that need them most at any time. As an example, for the mental health problems during the current COVID-19 pandemic, telepsychology service enables psychiatrists to offer immediate help, and to improve the efficiency of psychological service. China's telepsychology service has been in its early times until the COVID-19 pandemic that enforces self-quarantine for the majority of the population. In this process, two key problems have also been exposed: first, without standard norms, there is only some consensus in the industry put forward by the psychological community to refer to, which has limited authority and binding force; Second, most of the telepsychology providers in China are not professionally trained, and the traditional face-to-face intervention technology obviously cannot be conducted to provides distance service. After combing the previous telepsychology service research, we found that counselors, treatment methods and remote service methodologies are the three most important factors in the development of telepsychology service. We then creatively established a visitor-centered telepsychology service application model, which emphasizes the comprehensive role of counselors, treatment methods and remote service methodologies in telepsychology service. When visitors request telepsychology services, the interaction between factors and the interaction between factors and visitors affect the therapeutic effect of telepsychology services. Artificial intelligence also plays an important role in improving telepsychology service. It can be utilized in providing remote mental health assistance, participating in face-to-face treatment, assisting counselors in remote intervention, etc. All applied artificial intelligence techniques are combined with different telepsychology service situations, to continuously optimize the psychological service process and improve the quality of psychological service. At present, the advantages of telepsychology service are reflected in three aspects: effectiveness, convenience, and economy. Firstly, the intervention of telepsychology service on mental health problems is practical and effective, and the treatment quality is equivalent to the traditional face-to-face mental health service. For psychological practitioners who live in remote areas and engage in psychological counseling, the convenience of telepsychology services has brought solutions to their concerns of counseling and visiting relationship. Compared with traditional face-to-face psychological counseling, it is easier for visitors, psychological service staff and psychological counselors in telepsychology service to coordinate. When formulating the psychological counseling program, the place and time that visitors can make an appointment are more flexible, which can improve the efficiency of psychological counseling and reduce the waiting time. However, there are still challenges in three aspects: acceptance, privacy, and adaptability. Psychological service providers' acceptance of telepsychology service depends on their understanding of its effectiveness, flexibility and convenience and their expectation of service quality. At the same time, privacy security is also a concern that telepsychology services need to pay attention to. Consulting institutions need to establish protection protocols for customers’ privacy and remind them to pay attention to their privacy in an eye-catching position on the home page of the institutions’ website. With the gradual promotion of 5G technology, the key methodology of mental health care in the future are likely to include video conferencing, intelligent mobile devices, cloud computing, etc. This emerging technology provides unlimited development prospects for limited mental health services.

Key words: telepsychology service, mental health, online psychological counseling.

中圖分類號(hào): 

R395

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