摘要： 心理健康監(jiān)測對兒童青少年心理問題識別和心理健康促進具有重要意義,是我國當前教育工作的重點。美國的兒童青少年心理健康監(jiān)測起步早、發(fā)展快,1960年至今的六十年間,已歷經(jīng)前監(jiān)測階段、風(fēng)險行為監(jiān)測階段、綜合心理健康監(jiān)測階段和心理-神經(jīng)科學(xué)整合階段四個階段,涵蓋十一個監(jiān)測項目,發(fā)展出較為全面的監(jiān)測框架。監(jiān)測框架中所含指標豐富,可分為心理健康與心理健康影響因素兩個部分。其中,心理健康部分包括精神障礙、情緒行為問題以及積極心理三部分下屬的六十余種指標;心理健康影響因素部分包含個體、家庭和社會層級下的五十余種風(fēng)險和保護因子。同時,監(jiān)測工具高度成熟化、監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)高度科技化。美國在該領(lǐng)域的豐富經(jīng)驗對我國及時改進框架設(shè)計,加強監(jiān)測指標的深度和廣度以及監(jiān)測工具的開發(fā)都提供了良好的借鑒和啟示。

關(guān)鍵詞: 心理健康, 監(jiān)測, 兒童青少年, 美國

Abstract: Mental health monitoring is of great significance to the identification and promotion of mental health of children and adolescents,and is the focus of current education work in China.The mental health monitoring of children and adolescents started early and developed rapidly in the United States.In the 60 years from 1960 to now,it has gone through four stages:pre-monitoring stage,death and risk behavior monitoring stage,comprehensive mental health monitoring stage,and psychological neuroscience integration stage.Covering 11 monitoring projects,it has developed a more comprehensive monitoring framework.The monitoring framework contains rich indicators,which can be divided into two parts:mental health and the influencing factors of mental health.The mental health includes more than 60 indicators of mental disorders,emotional and behavioral problems,and positive mental health.The influencing factors of mental health include more than 50 kinds of risk and protective factors at individual,domestic,and social levels.At the same time,the monitoring tools are highly mature and the monitoring system is highly technological.The rich experience of the United States in this field provides good reference and inspiration for us China to improve the framework design over time,strengthen the depth and breadth of monitoring indicators and develop monitoring tools.

Key words: mental health, monitoring, children and adolescents, the United States

中圖分類號: 

B844

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網(wǎng)址: 美國兒童青少年心理健康監(jiān)測六十年:監(jiān)測框架發(fā)展分析與啟示 http://www.u1s5d6.cn/newsview77287.html