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40名備孕期婦女口腔健康干預效果觀察

來源:泰然健康網(wǎng) 時間:2024年12月01日 20:20

摘要:

目的調(diào)查備孕期婦女口腔健康干預效果。

方法按照納入標準選取來自寧夏醫(yī)科大學總醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學中心備孕期婦女40名,進行一般情況、菌斑臨床評估及口腔健康教育,評估備孕期婦女在接受口腔健康干預前后的口腔健康情況。

結(jié)果在口腔健康狀況調(diào)查,“刷牙出血”“咀嚼食物困難”“牙齒或牙齦對冷、熱或甜刺激敏感”“因為牙齒的原因限制所吃食物的種類和數(shù)量”“用藥物緩解口腔的疼痛或不適”5項干預前后的比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.001)。在口腔保健行為中,干預前后“刷牙次數(shù)”“刷牙方式”“飯后漱口”“使用牙線”4項內(nèi)容的比較中,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.001),“牙刷更換”差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.467)。在備孕期婦女口腔相關知識知曉情況調(diào)查,“牙周病可能致新生兒早產(chǎn)”“牙周病可能致新生兒低體重”“孕前需要口腔檢查”“孕期易患口腔疾病”“孕中期是治療口腔疾病的最佳時期”5項內(nèi)容干預前后的比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.001)。干預后菌斑指數(shù)為(4.37±0.94)分,低于干預前的(5.47±1.08)分,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=7.93,P=0.001)。

結(jié)論對口腔健康干預,提高了備孕期婦女的口腔相關知識的知曉程度,在一定程度上也增強了口腔保健水平,可改善備孕期婦女的口腔健康狀況??谇唤】蹈深A可有效降低備孕期婦女的菌斑水平,提高菌斑清除效率。

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intervention on oral health of pre-pregnancy women before and after oral health education.

MethodsA total of 40 pre-pregnancy women were selected from the Reproductive Medicine Center of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University according to the inclusion criteria, general conditions, clinical evaluation of plaque and oral health education. Their oral health conditions were evaluated before and after oral health intervention.

ResultsBased on the oral health status survey, there were significant differences between before and after intervention (all P<0.001) in the following five items: “bleeding from brushing teeth”, “difficulty biting or chewing food”, “sensitivity of teeth or gums to cold, hot, or sweet stimuli”, "restriction of the type and amount of food eaten for dental reasons” and “medication for oral pain or discomfort”. There were significant differences between before and after intervention (all P<0.001) in four items of oral health care behavior including “How often do you brush your teeth?”, “How do you brush your teeth?”, “gargle after meals”, and “floss use or not” but showed no significant difference in toothbrush replacement (P=0.467). There were significant differences (all P<0.001) in five items of oral health knowledge including “periodontal disease can lead to premature delivery of newborns”, “periodontal disease can lead to low birth weight of newborns”, “need oral examination before pregnancy”, “pregnancy prone to oral diseases”, “mid-pregnancy is the best period for the treatment of oral diseases”. The oral plaque index before intervention was 5.47±1.08 and reduced to 4.37±0.94 after intervention (t=7.93, P=0.001).

ConclusionThrough education intervention, the oral health status of pre-pregnancy women can be improved. The knowledge of oral health can be improved and the level of oral health care can be enhanced. Oral health intervention can effectively reduce the level of plaque in pre-pregnancy women and improve the efficiency of plaque clearance.

表  1   備孕期婦女口腔健康狀況、口腔健康保健行為和口腔相關知識知曉情況問卷調(diào)查內(nèi)容

序號問題 1您平時刷牙出血嗎2您有咬或咀嚼食物困難的癥狀嗎2您的牙齒或牙齦對冷、熱或甜刺激敏感嗎4您有因為牙齒的原因限制所吃食物的種類和數(shù)量的情況嗎5您經(jīng)常用藥物緩解口腔的疼痛或不適嗎6您的刷牙次數(shù)7您的刷牙方式8您的牙刷多久更換一次9您有沒有飯后漱口的習慣10您有沒有使用牙線的習慣11您是否知道牙周病可能致新生兒早產(chǎn)12您是否知道牙周病可能致新生兒低體重13您是否知道孕前需要口腔檢查14您是否知道孕期容易患口腔疾病15您是否知道孕中期是治療口腔疾病的最佳時期

表  2   40名備孕期婦女口腔健康干預前后口腔健康狀況的比較[M(P25,P75),分]

口腔健康狀況相關問題干預前(n=40)干預后(n=40)Z值P值 刷牙出血3.0(2.0,3.0)2.0(1.0,2.0)-5.083<0.001咬或咀嚼食物困難2.5(1.2,4.0)1.0(1.0,2.0)-4.437<0.001牙齒或牙齦對冷、熱或甜刺激敏感2.0(1.0,3.0)1.0(1.0,2.0)-3.696<0.001因牙齒原因限制所吃食物的種類和 數(shù)量3.0(2.0,3.0)1.5(1.0,2.0)-5.061<0.001用藥物緩解口腔的疼痛或不適3.5(3.0,4.0)1.0(1.0,2.0)-5.327<0.001

表  3   40名備孕期婦女口腔健康干預前后口腔健康保健行為的比較

問題程度(分類)干預前(n=40)干預后(n=40)Z值P值 刷牙次數(shù)1次/d5(12.5)2(5.0)-4.583<0.0012次/d34(85.0)19(47.5)3次/d1(2.5)19(47.5)刷牙方式巴氏刷牙法7(17.5)40(100.0)-5.102<0.001橫刷15(37.5)0(0.0)豎刷12(30.0)0(0.0)轉(zhuǎn)圈刷6(15.0)0(0.0)牙刷更換沒有規(guī)律6(15.0)0(0.0)-0.7280.4673個月24(60.0)39(97.5)6個月10(25.0)1(2.5)飯后漱口沒有7(17.5)0(0.0)-5.142<0.0012~6次/周9(22.5)0(0.0)1次/d18(45.0)3(7.5)≥2次/d6(15.0)37(92.5)使用牙線沒有14(35.0)1(2.5)-4.132<0.0012~6次/周8(20.0)9(22.5)1次/d13(32.5)23(57.5)≥2次/d5(12.5)7(17.5) 【注】括號外為人數(shù),括號內(nèi)為構(gòu)成比(%)。

表  4   40名備孕期婦女口腔健康干預前后口腔相關知識知曉情況的比較

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