摘要: 肥胖是糖尿病、心血管疾病、腫瘤等若干慢性疾病的主要風險因素和病理基礎，目前已成為全球公共衛(wèi)生健康問題之一。隨著肥胖率的增高，對于天然抗肥胖藥物的研究和應用已經成為人們持續(xù)關注的熱點。茶多酚（Tea Polyphenols，TP）是茶葉中多酚類物質的總稱，在茶葉中含量豐富、功效顯著，大量研究表明其在抗肥胖方面具有良好的效果，發(fā)展前景廣。本文圍繞茶多酚抗肥胖，綜述了近年來在體外，動物和臨床研究中的研究進展，并分別從茶多酚調節(jié)腸道菌群的結構和組成，調節(jié)炎癥反應，促進能量消耗，調控相關酶的活性并抑制脂類的合成和吸收等途徑探討防治肥胖的機制，以期為開發(fā)含天然茶多酚的減肥食品或藥物奠定基礎。

關鍵詞: 肥胖  /  茶多酚  /  腸道菌群  /  炎癥反應  /  能量代謝  

Abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor and pathological basis for several chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors. It has now become a global public health issue. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, research and application of natural anti-obesity drugs have become a continuous focus of attention. Tea polyphenols (TP), collectively known as polyphenolic substances in tea, are abundant and significant in their effects in tea. Numerous studies have shown that tea polyphenols have good anti-obesity effects and promising prospects. This article reviews the research progress on tea polyphenols and their anti-obesity effects in recent years, focusing on in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. It discusses the mechanisms of preventing and treating obesity through tea polyphenols, including the regulation of intestinal microbiota composition, modulation of inflammatory response, promotion of energy expenditure, regulation of enzyme activity, and inhibition of lipid synthesis and absorption. The aim is to lay a foundation for the development of natural tea polyphenol-based weight-loss foods or drugs.

圖  1   茶多酚通過調節(jié)腸道菌群的結構和組成防治肥胖的作用機制圖

注：GBA：腸腦軸；SCFA：短鏈脂肪酸；GPR43：G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體43；GPR41：G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體41；GLP-1：胰高血糖素樣肽-1；PYY：肽YY；ARC：下丘腦弓狀核。

Figure  1.   Tea polyphenols prevent and treat obesity by modulating the structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota

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