首頁資訊暴露組學在識別環(huán)境污染物及其健康危害中的應用進展

暴露組學在識別環(huán)境污染物及其健康危害中的應用進展

來源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時間：2024年11月23日 23:39

摘要：

目前,全球范圍內(nèi)的環(huán)境污染成為困擾各國的突出問題,環(huán)境污染導致的健康危害已引起世界各國的廣泛關注,但揭示繁雜的污染物暴露與相關疾病的關系仍是一個科學難題。暴露組學概念的提出為推動環(huán)境因素與人類健康之間關系的研究提供了新思路?！白陨隙隆焙汀白韵露稀钡难芯坎呗浴?zhí)行研究策略所使用的檢測手段以及“組學”的研究共同促進了暴露組學的發(fā)展。暴露組學關注個體一生中所有暴露的測量,旨在通過傳統(tǒng)生物監(jiān)測和現(xiàn)代組學方法對體內(nèi)外暴露水平進行動態(tài)監(jiān)測,考察與所有環(huán)境暴露相關的標志物以及與疾病相關標志物之間的相關性,從而得到全面可靠的環(huán)境與疾病風險的關系。與傳統(tǒng)環(huán)境健康研究相比,暴露組學研究更能真實體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實環(huán)境中污染物、自然因素及生活方式等暴露因素的多樣性,以及污染物的體內(nèi)過程和所觸發(fā)的機體反應的復雜性。高分辨質(zhì)譜技術等強大的化學分析手段被廣泛應用于暴露組學的相關領域研究中,本文簡單舉例介紹了色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用技術在環(huán)境污染物檢測和分析中的應用,其中蛋白質(zhì)組學和代謝組學作為生物標志物鑒定和污染物效應分析的兩個重要手段,在探究環(huán)境與疾病的聯(lián)系中具有重要意義,并得到廣泛的應用。進入機體的污染物,可與機體(尤其是與生物大分子中的蛋白質(zhì))發(fā)生復雜的相互作用,導致病理改變和毒性效應;在混合暴露的情況下,污染物間也會存在相互作用,影響各自的環(huán)境行為或進入人體的量,進而影響其健康效應。

關鍵詞: 暴露組學, 污染物, 生物標志物, 健康, 綜述

Abstract:

Environmental pollution has become a prominent global problem, and the potential health hazards of pollutants have caused widespread concern. However, revealing the relationship between complex-pollutant exposure and disease development remains an immense challenge. The core of environmental-health research and risk assessment is the identification of contaminants and their effects. Exposomics provides a new approach in the study of the relationship between environmental factors and human health. Both “top-down” and “bottom-up” strategies are employed in exposomics research. The development of new technologies for chemical detection and “multi-omics” has greatly facilitated the implementation of these strategies. Exposomics focuses on the measurement of an individual’s lifelong exposure and aims to identify the health effects of such exposure. It involves the dynamic monitoring of external and internal exposure levels at different stages of life through traditional biomonitoring and exposomic methods. It also includes the identification of biomarkers, which indicate specific environmental exposures and the adverse effects of these exposures on health. Compared with traditional environmental-health studies, exposomics can more accurately reflect the diversity of exposure factors such as pollutants, natural factors, and lifestyles in the real environment, as well as the complexity of their in vivo processes and the responses they trigger in an organism. Powerful chemical analytical tools such as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are widely used in studies related to the field of exposomics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been applied in the detection and analysis of environmental pollutants. Proteomics and metabolomics, as two important tools for biomarker identification and effects analysis, are widely used to explore the relationship between environmental factors and diseases. Pollutants can lead to pathological changes and even toxic effects by interacting with proteins. In the case of mixed exposure, some contaminants may present joint toxicity. The interaction between contaminants may change their environmental behavior or the amount of each contaminant that enters the human body, which, in turn, affects their health effects.

Key words: exposomics, pollutants, biomarker, health, review

中圖分類號:

O658

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