The Four Domains Model Connecting Spirituality, Health and Well-Being 英文參考文獻(xiàn)

Religions 2011, 2, 17-28; doi:10.3390/rel2010017 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 /journal/religions Article The Four Domains Model: Connecting Spirituality, Health and Well-Being John Fisher 1,2 1 School of Education, University of Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia; E-Mail: j.fisher@.au; Tel.: +61-3-5320-3531; Fax: +61-3-5320-3763 2 School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3350, Australia; E-Mail: jwfisher@.au Received: 11 November 2010; in revised form: 10 December 2010 / Accepted: 7 January 2011 / Published: 11 January 2011 Abstract: At our core, or coeur, we humans are spiritual beings. Spirituality can be viewed in a variety of ways from a traditional understanding of spirituality as an expression of religiosity, in search of the sacred, through to a humanistic view of spirituality devoid of religion. Health is also multi-faceted, with increasing evidence reporting the relationship of spirituality with physical, mental, emotional, social and vocational well-being. This paper presents spiritual health as a, if not THE, fundamental dimension of people?s overall health and well-being, permeating and integrating all the other dimensions of health. Spiritual health is a dynamic state of being, reflected in the quality of relationships that people have in up to four domains of spiritual well-being: Personal domain where a person intra-relates with self; Communal domain, with in-depth inter-personal relationships; Environmental domain, connecting with nature; Transcendental domain, relating to some-thing or some-One beyond the human level. The Four Domains Model of Spiritual Health and Well-Being embraces all extant world-views from the ardently religious to the atheistic rationalist. Keywords: spiritual health; spiritual well-being; world-view 1. Brief Introduction Human spirituality is increasingly being recognized as a real phenomenon and

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