Advances in body composition assessment enable a detailed body composition analyses and the respective organization at different levels. Sports-related professionals are interested in understanding how and which body components are relevant for improving performance, prevent injury risk, and monitor athletic health. The aim of this review is to propose an integrative model that links performance, injury risk, and athletic health with body components, and to report their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Cross-sectional studies reveal that endurance athletes with higher fat mass (FM) show a longer race time, whereas a higher fat-free mass benefits power and strength-related tasks. Longitudinal studies indicated that increases in intracellular water, assessed through dilution techniques, were associated with power and strength improvements, independently of weight and lean-soft-tissue changes. There is evidence that athletes involved in weight-sensitive sports restrict energy intake, thus reducing energy availability (EA) and compromising bone health (Female Athlete Triad). To counteract the low EA and related negative energy balance, metabolic adaption (MA) occurs to promote energy conservation. Currently, reference values for body composition assessment using anthropometry and DXA are available for a few sports, according to sex. More research is needed to develop a functional body composition profile according to sports-specific requirements.

中文翻譯：

運動健康和表現(xiàn)表型中的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能性身體成分。

人體成分評估的進步使得能夠進行詳細的人體成分分析以及各個級別的組織。與體育相關(guān)的專業(yè)人員有興趣了解與身體的哪些部分以及哪些與改善性能，預(yù)防受傷風險以及監(jiān)測運動健康有關(guān)。這篇綜述的目的是提出一個綜合模型，將性能，傷害風險和運動健康與身體組成部分聯(lián)系起來，并報告其橫截面和縱向關(guān)聯(lián)。橫斷面研究表明，具有較高脂肪質(zhì)量（FM）的耐力運動員表現(xiàn)出更長的比賽時間，而較高的無脂肪質(zhì)量有益于力量和力量相關(guān)的任務(wù)?？v向研究表明，通過稀釋技術(shù)評估的細胞內(nèi)水含量增加，與力量和力量的改善相關(guān)，而與體重和瘦軟組織的變化無關(guān)。有證據(jù)表明，從事體重敏感運動的運動員會限制能量攝入，從而降低能量利用率（EA）并損害骨骼健康（女運動員三合會）。為了抵消低EA和相關(guān)的負能量平衡，發(fā)生了代謝適應(yīng)（MA）以促進能量守恒。當前，根據(jù)性別，使用人體測量學和DXA進行身體成分評估的參考值可用于一些運動。根據(jù)運動特定要求，需要更多的研究來開發(fā)功能性身體成分。因此減少了能量的利用（EA）并損害了骨骼健康（女運動員三合會）。為了抵消低EA和相關(guān)的負能量平衡，發(fā)生了代謝適應(yīng)（MA）以促進能量守恒。目前，根據(jù)性別，使用人體測量學和DXA進行身體成分評估的參考值可用于一些運動。根據(jù)運動特定要求，需要更多的研究來開發(fā)功能性身體成分。因此減少了能量的利用（EA）并損害了骨骼健康（女運動員三合會）。為了抵消低EA和相關(guān)的負能量平衡，發(fā)生了代謝適應(yīng)（MA）以促進能量守恒。目前，根據(jù)性別，使用人體測量學和DXA進行身體成分評估的參考值可用于一些運動。根據(jù)運動特定要求，需要更多的研究來開發(fā)功能性身體成分。

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網(wǎng)址: Structural and functional body components in athletic health and performance phenotypes.,European Journal of Clinical Nutrition http://www.u1s5d6.cn/newsview1291894.html