張弦結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測傳感器布置優(yōu)化方法

doi: 10.13206/j.gjgS20032701

中冶建筑研究總院有限公司, 北京 100088

詳細信息

作者簡介:

亓玉臺,男,1995年出生,碩士研究生。Email:18810918594@163.com

計量文章訪問數(shù): 290HTML全文瀏覽量: 32PDF下載量: 17被引次數(shù): 3

Optimization Method of Sensor Arrangement for Health Monitoring of String Structure

Central Research Institute of Building and Construction, MCC Group, Beijing 100088, China

摘要

摘要:傳感器布置方案設(shè)計是結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測中最為基礎(chǔ)性和關(guān)鍵性的環(huán)節(jié)，好的傳感器布置方案，既要滿足結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測的要求，盡可能地減小噪聲等誤差因素的影響來得到結(jié)構(gòu)的真實響應(yīng)，又要滿足現(xiàn)場環(huán)境的要求，還需要盡可能地降低成本。
針對此問題，提出了一種基于模態(tài)置信矩陣的傳感器優(yōu)化布置方法。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)振型矩陣，計算得到結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)置信度矩陣?；谀B(tài)可觀測原則，選取模態(tài)置信矩陣中非對角元最大值作為評價標準，采用迭代的方法對傳感器的布置方案進行優(yōu)化。具體操作步驟為：1）確定結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測所需要識別的模態(tài)數(shù)以及所需傳感器的數(shù)目，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場環(huán)境確定所有可采取的測點位置；2）選取一組初始傳感器測點布置。初始傳感器測點布置方案可根據(jù)經(jīng)驗確定，初始傳感器個數(shù)應(yīng)略少于待識別模態(tài)數(shù)。計算該組測點所對應(yīng)的模態(tài)置信矩陣并記錄其對應(yīng)的最大非對角元的值；3）在剩余可選測點中選取一個測點增加到當(dāng)前測點布置方案中，計算新測點方案對應(yīng)的模態(tài)置信矩陣，同時記錄模態(tài)置信矩陣中的最大非對角元；4）更換所選取的待選測點，重復(fù)模態(tài)置信矩陣的計算步驟并記錄最大非對角元。重復(fù)此步驟直至所有待選測點都被計算過。對比所有備選測點所對應(yīng)的模態(tài)置信矩陣最大非大對角元，選擇最小的模態(tài)置信矩陣最大非對角元對應(yīng)的測點加入到當(dāng)前測點布置方案；5）重復(fù)3）、4）步驟，直至傳感器測點數(shù)及模態(tài)置信矩陣的最大非對角元滿足要求。對一些復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，模態(tài)置信矩陣最大非對角元小于0.25。
根據(jù)以上方法，以張弦梁結(jié)構(gòu)為例建立數(shù)值模型，并模擬實際工程環(huán)境，進行了傳感器優(yōu)化布置的試算。經(jīng)試算，該方法的收斂性較好，計算可行性高；該方法可以有效降低傳感器布置的經(jīng)濟成本，降低誤差因素的影響，提高模態(tài)識別的有效性和準確性。同時根據(jù)該算例的試算，提出建議：逐步累加法的迭代過程可分為快速下降段、平穩(wěn)階段和迭代末段三個階段，實際傳感器的布置方案宜在平穩(wěn)階段過程中選取，盡量避免采用迭代末段的結(jié)果。

Abstract:Sensor arrangement scheme design is the most basic and key link in structural health monitoring, a good sensor arrangement scheme not only meets the requirements of structural health monitoring, but also needs to reduce the cost as much as possible to get the true response of the structure by minimizing the influence of errors such as noise, etc. as well as the requirements of the field environment.
In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a method of optimal sensor placement based on modal confidence matrix. According to the modal matrix of the structure, the modal confidence matrix of the structure is calculated. Based on the principle of modal observability, the maximum value of the non diagonal element in the modal confidence matrix is selected as the evaluation standard, and the sensor layout scheme is optimized by iterative method. The specific operation steps are as follows:1)Determine the number of modes needed to be identified and the number of sensors needed for structural health monitoring, and determine the positions of all available measuring points according to the site environment; 2)Select a group of initial sensor measuring point layout. The initial measurement point scheme can be determined according to experience, which is less than the number of modes to be identified. The modal confidence matrix corresponding to the group of measuring points is calculated and the corresponding value of the largest non diagonal element is recorded; 3)Select one of the remaining optional measurement points to add to the current measurement point layout scheme, calculate the modal confidence matrix corresponding to the new measurement point scheme, and record the largest non diagonal element in the modal confidence matrix; 4)Replace the selected measuring points, repeat the calculation steps of the modal confidence matrix and record the maximum non diagonal elements. Repeat this step until all the points to be selected have been calculated. Compared with the maximum value of the non large diagonal elements of the modal confidence matrix corresponding to all the alternative test points, the smallest maximum non diagonal elements of the modal confidence matrix corresponding to the test points are selected to add to the current test point layout scheme; 5)Repeat steps 3) and 4) until the sensor measurement points and the maximum non diagonal element of the modal confidence matrix meet the requirements. For some complex structures, the maximum non diagonal element of the modal confidence matrix is less than 0.25.
According to the above methods, this paper takes the beam string structure as an example to establish the numerical model, and simulates the actual engineering environment, and carries out the trial calculation of the optimal arrangement of sensors. After trial calculation, the convergence of this method is good and the feasibility of calculation is high; it can effectively reduce the economic cost of sensor arrangement, reduce the influence of error factors, and improve the effectiveness and accuracy of modal identification. And according to the trial calculation of the example, this paper proposes:the iterative process of the step-by-step accumulation method can be divided into three stages:fast descent stage, stable stage and iterative end stage. The actual sensor arrangement scheme should be selected in the stable stage process to avoid using the results of iterative end stage as much as possible.

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參考文獻(6)

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