Abstract: Drawing on data from the 2008 Chinese Internal Migration and Health Survey,we compare various health indicators among rural residents who never migrated,return migrants,current rural-to-urban migrants,and urban residents.Two health selective mechanisms,the healthy migrant hypothesis and the salmon bias hypothesis,are empirically tested.Results provide empirical support to both these hypotheses.After controlling for individual’s age,sex,socioeconomic status and major health-related behaviors,rural-to-urban migrants are better off than rural residents who never migrated regarding their self-rated general health,chronic medical conditions,self-perceived physical discomforts and lung capacity.Current rural-to-urban migrants are also less likely to have chronic diseases or to report physical discomforts than return migrants.Except for self-reported chronic conditions and abnormally high heart rate,there is no significant difference in health status between rural-to-urban migrants and urban residents.

Keywords: Internal Migration, Health Selection, Healthy Migrant Hypothesis, Salmon Bias Hypothesis

摘要： 利用2008年中國流動與健康調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),對農(nóng)村留守人口、農(nóng)村外出返鄉(xiāng)人口、鄉(xiāng)城流動人口以及城鎮(zhèn)居民等不同流動特征群體之間的健康差異進行比較,并系統(tǒng)檢驗了我國人口流動過程中的兩種健康選擇機制——"健康移民"(healthy migrant)效應(yīng)和"三文魚偏誤"(salmon bias)效應(yīng)。模型分析結(jié)果表明,我國人口流動存在著較為明顯的"健康移民"和"三文魚偏誤"選擇效應(yīng)。在控制被訪者的年齡、性別、主要社會經(jīng)濟特征以及相關(guān)健康行為后,流動人口自評一般健康、慢性病狀況、經(jīng)常性身體不適和肺活量等健康指標(biāo)顯著優(yōu)于農(nóng)村留守人口,鄉(xiāng)城流動人口患有慢性病和出現(xiàn)經(jīng)常性身體不適的可能性也顯著低于農(nóng)村返鄉(xiāng)人口。在控制相關(guān)變量后,鄉(xiāng)城流動人口與城鎮(zhèn)居民的健康狀況(除慢性病和心率過高癥狀外)不存在顯著差別。

關(guān)鍵詞: 人口流動, 健康選擇, 健康移民假說, 三文魚偏誤假說

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