摘要： [目的]解析奶牛產(chǎn)后7 天內(nèi)血清代謝物動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律,揭示代謝適應(yīng)機(jī)制及潛在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為優(yōu)化產(chǎn)后管理提供依據(jù)。[方法]選取5 頭健康經(jīng)產(chǎn)奶牛,采集牛產(chǎn)后1 天、4 天和7 天血清樣本,利用NMR代謝組學(xué)技術(shù),結(jié)合多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析（PCA、OSC-PLS）,篩選關(guān)鍵差異代謝物,并通過(guò)代謝通路整合其生物學(xué)意義。[結(jié)果]產(chǎn)后脂肪動(dòng)員增強(qiáng),3-羥基丁酸和丙酮顯著升高,提示酮癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn);葡萄糖持續(xù)下降,與乳糖合成需求增加相關(guān);乙酸鹽和乳酸升高,分別反映瘤胃纖維發(fā)酵恢復(fù)與潛在亞急性酸中毒風(fēng)險(xiǎn);甘氨酸和檸檬酸先升后降,分別參與氧化應(yīng)激調(diào)控與能量穩(wěn)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。進(jìn)一步分析表明,奶牛產(chǎn)后代謝呈“脂肪動(dòng)員-瘤胃恢復(fù)-乳成分合成”階段性特征。[結(jié)論]建議通過(guò)日糧優(yōu)化（提升易發(fā)酵碳水化合物比例至35%~40%、平衡纖維）、酮癥監(jiān)測(cè)（血酮檢測(cè)）和功能性添加劑（如過(guò)瘤胃膽堿）等策略,緩解能量負(fù)平衡并保障泌乳性能。本研究為奶牛產(chǎn)后精準(zhǔn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)提供代謝組學(xué)依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞: 奶牛, 產(chǎn)后代謝, 代謝組學(xué), 酮癥, 能量負(fù)平衡

Abstract: [Objective] This study aimed to analyze the dynamic changes in serum metabolites of dairy cows within 7 days postpartum,revealing their metabolic adaptation mechanisms and potential health risks,thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing postpartum management. [Method] Serum samples were collected from 5 dairy cows at 1,4,and 7 days postpartum. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance（NMR） metabolomics technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis（PCA,OSC-PLS） was used to screen key differential metabolites,and their biological significance was integrated through metabolic pathways. [Result] The results showed that postpartum fat mobilization was enhanced,with significant increases in 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetone,indicating a risk of ketosis, glucose continued to decline,associated with increased demand for lactose synthesis, acetate and lactate increased,reflecting rumen fiber fermentation recovery and potential subacute acidosis risk,respectively, glycine and citrate initially increased and then decreased,participating in oxidative stress regulation and energy homeostasis transition,respectively. Further analysis revealed that postpartum metabolism in dairy cows exhibited a phased characteristic of fat mobilization-rumen recovery-milk component synthesis. [Conclusion] Based on these findings,it is recommended to implement strategies such as dietary optimization（increasing readily fermentable carbohydrates (35~40%) and balancing fiber）,ketosis monitoring（blood ketone testing）,and functional additives（e.g.,rumen-protected choline） to alleviate negative energy balance and ensure lactation performance. This study provided a metabolomics basis for precise nutritional interventions in postpartum dairy cows.

Key words: dairy cow, postpartum metabolism, metabolomics, ketosis, negative energy balance

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