重新定義健康:飲食、糖尿病和心理健康之間的驚人聯(lián)系

諸平

New research reveals a significant link between nutrition, diabetes, and mental health. Poor dietary choices contribute to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and mental health issues like depression and anxiety. Conversely, diets rich in essential nutrients and low in processed foods can reduce these risks. The findings highlight the importance of informed dietary choices in managing and preventing diabetes, anxiety, and depression, suggesting implications for public health policies and healthcare practices.

據(jù)美國喬治梅森大學（George Mason University）2023年12月16日提供的消息，新的研究揭示了營養(yǎng)、糖尿病和心理健康之間的重要聯(lián)系（Redefining Health: The Surprising Link Between Diet, Diabetes, and Mental Health）。不良的飲食選擇會增加患2型糖尿病和抑郁、焦慮等心理健康問題的風險。相反，富含必需營養(yǎng)素和低加工食品的飲食可以減少這些風險。研究結(jié)果強調(diào)了明智的飲食選擇在管理和預(yù)防糖尿病、焦慮和抑郁方面的重要性，并對公共衛(wèi)生政策和醫(yī)療保健實踐提出了建議。

來自喬治梅森大學公共衛(wèi)生學院（College of Public Health, George Mason University）研究人員的最新文獻綜述為營養(yǎng)和心理健康之間的聯(lián)系提供了新的見解。詳見：

Raedeh Basiri, Blessing Seidu, Mark Rudich. Exploring the Interrelationships between Diabetes, Nutrition, Anxiety, and Depression: Implications for Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Nutrients, 29 September 2023; 15(19): 4226. DOI: 10.3390/nu15194226.

Raedeh Basiri, Blessing Seidu, Lawrence J Cheskin. Key Nutrients for Optimal Blood Glucose Control and Mental Health in Individuals with Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence. Nutrients, 10 September 2023; 15(18): 3929.DOI: 10.3390/nu15183929

根據(jù)疾病控制中心（Centers for Disease Control）的數(shù)據(jù)，糖尿病患者患抑郁癥的可能性是沒有糖尿病的人的兩到三倍。目前的治療包括療法（therapy）、藥物或兩者兼而有之。然而，對營養(yǎng)、心理健康和糖尿病之間多方面關(guān)系的理解在科學論述中相對較新。喬治梅森大學的研究人員試圖了解營養(yǎng)、糖尿病和心理健康之間的聯(lián)系。

營養(yǎng)對糖尿病和心理健康的影響（Nutritional Influences on Diabetes and Mental Health）

助理教授瑞德·巴錫麗（Raedeh Basiri）等人的兩篇文獻綜述表明，營養(yǎng)不良起著雙重作用，既會增加患2型糖尿病的風險，也會影響心理健康，包括焦慮和抑郁。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果，精神障礙，如抑郁和焦慮，會增加患2型糖尿病的風險，而糖尿病也與患抑郁和焦慮的風險增加有關(guān)。營養(yǎng)干預(yù)可以幫助解決這兩種健康問題。

上述兩篇研究報告的第一作者瑞德·巴錫麗說：“我們的研究結(jié)果強調(diào)了飲食選擇在降低與糖尿病和心理健康相關(guān)的風險方面的關(guān)鍵作用。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義超出了科學界，因為它們有望為公共衛(wèi)生政策、衛(wèi)生保健實踐和飲食建議提供信息，從而對普通人群產(chǎn)生積極影響?！?/p>

促進飲食選擇，促進健康和預(yù)防（Empowering Dietary Choices for Health and Prevention）

瑞德·巴錫麗說：“最終，這項研究旨在使個人能夠做出明智的、促進健康的飲食選擇，這可以作為預(yù)防和控制糖尿病、焦慮和抑郁的積極策略?！?/p>

更具體地說，研究小組的發(fā)現(xiàn)為飲食模式、健康結(jié)果以及飲食行為在2型糖尿病和心理健康中的關(guān)鍵作用之間的關(guān)系提供了一個全面的視角。

研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，吃富含新鮮水果和蔬菜、全谷物、瘦肉蛋白和低脂乳制品的食物，可以降低患2型糖尿病和抑郁、焦慮等精神健康障礙的風險。相反，大量加工食品的飲食被發(fā)現(xiàn)有負面影響，增加了患2型糖尿病、抑郁和焦慮的易感性。

營養(yǎng)豐富飲食的重要性（The Importance of Nutrient-Rich Diets）

此外，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，飲食中能量密集的食物，但缺乏必要的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，如ω-3脂肪酸（ω-3 fatty acids）、維生素D、維生素E、維生素B6、維生素B12、葉酸（folate）、硒（Se）、鉻(Cr)和鎂(Mg)，與心理健康方面的不良癥狀加劇和2型糖尿病的發(fā)展有關(guān)。這種聯(lián)系強調(diào)了營養(yǎng)豐富的飲食選擇對整體健康和福祉的重要性。

瑞德·巴錫麗說：“目前的科學證據(jù)強調(diào)，在糖尿病患者中，采用均衡的飲食方案在減少焦慮和抑郁癥狀，同時加強血糖控制方面具有潛在的益處?！?/p>

上述介紹，僅供參考。欲了解更多信息，敬請注意瀏覽原文或者相關(guān)報道。

Abstract (DOI: 10.3390/nu15194226)

Across the world, diabetes, depression, and anxiety symptoms have gained widespread recognition as significant public health issues. Recent research has unveiled a mutually influential relationship between diabetes and these two mental health conditions, where each disorder impacts the course and outcomes of the others. The role of nutrition emerges as pivotal in preventing and treating depression, anxiety, and diabetes. A thorough literature review was undertaken to investigate the reciprocal effects between anxiety, depression, and diabetes, including their impact on the development and severity of each condition. Additionally, the effects of nutrition on the prevention and management of depression, anxiety, diabetes, and related complications in at-risk individuals were assessed. Our findings show that mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and are associated with poorer glycemic control, increased diabetes-related complications, and higher mortality rates. Conversely, diabetes is also linked with an increased risk of developing depression and anxiety. The biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the comorbidity between these two conditions are complex and multifaceted. Therefore, an integrated approach to the management of both conditions is critical for improving patient outcomes and reducing the overall burden of disease. Nutritional interventions should be utilized to reduce the risk of diabetes in patients with anxiety and depression as well as enhance mental health in patients with diabetes.

Abstract (DOI: 10.3390/nu15183929)

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Mental disorders can also contribute to the development of diabetes through various mechanisms including increased stress, poor self-care behaviors, and adverse effects on glucose metabolism. Consequently, individuals suffering from either of these conditions frequently experience comorbidity with the other. Nutrition plays an important role in both diabetes and mental health disorders including depression and anxiety. Deficiencies in specific nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B vitamins, zinc, chromium, magnesium, and selenium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both diabetes and mental disorders. While the impact of nutrition on the progression and control of diabetes and mental disorders is broadly acknowledged, there is a notable knowledge gap concerning the implications of distinct nutrients in preventing and mitigating symptoms of both conditions when they coexist. The aim of this study was to examine the role of nutrition in improving glucose homeostasis and promoting mental well-being among individuals with diabetes. Further, we evaluated the preventive or delaying effects of key nutrients on the simultaneous manifestation of these conditions when one of them is present. Our findings indicated that the use of personalized dietary interventions and targeted nutrient supplementation can improve metabolic and mental health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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