肥胖已成為全球性的公共衛(wèi)生問題，減重手術目前是治療肥胖最長期有效的方法?；颊叩男g后營養(yǎng)管理也非常重要，術后蛋白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)不良是最常見的宏量營養(yǎng)素缺乏癥，且術前微量營養(yǎng)素缺乏癥也會在術后持續(xù)存在甚至加劇。與其他減重手術相比，Roux-en-Y胃旁路術（RYGB）術后微量營養(yǎng)素缺乏最嚴重。復胖是術后面臨的一項長期挑戰(zhàn)，患者術后不遵循飲食建議和飲食控制、放牧行為是重要因素。本文對減重手術術后營養(yǎng)缺乏現(xiàn)狀、復胖現(xiàn)狀及危險因素進行了綜述，提供了術后營養(yǎng)管理建議，以及長期隨訪策略。未來，需要更多深入研究臨床實踐以達成術后營養(yǎng)管理及預防復胖的共識，提高減重手術的長期療效，改善患者生活質(zhì)量。

Obesity has become a global public health problem, and bariatric surgery is currently the most enduring treatment for obesity. Postoperative nutritional management is crucial, with postoperative protein malnutrition being the most common micronutrient deficiency, and preoperative micronutrient deficiencies persisting and potentially worsening postoperatively. Among various bariatric surgeries, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is associated with the most severe postoperative micronutrient deficiencies. Long-term weight regain presents a significant challenge postoperatively, with non-adherence to dietary recommendations and behavior contributing as important factors. This article reviews the current status of postoperative nutritional deficiencies, the state of weight regain, and associated risk factors, offering postoperative nutritional management recommendations, as well as long-term follow-up strategies. Future research is needed to establish consensus in clinical practice to improve postoperative nutritional management and prevent weight regain, ultimately enhancing the long-term effectiveness of weight loss surgery and the quality of life for patients.

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