摘要：

文題釋義：
脂肪動(dòng)員：是指儲(chǔ)存在脂肪細(xì)胞中的脂肪被脂肪酶逐步水解為游離脂肪酸及甘油并釋放入血以供其他組織氧化利用的過(guò)程。
動(dòng)力學(xué)特征：人體運(yùn)動(dòng)的本質(zhì)是動(dòng)作和能量代謝，因此運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的動(dòng)力學(xué)特征一般應(yīng)涵蓋運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式、運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間以及能量代謝等方面。

背景：當(dāng)下降脂減肥已成為一個(gè)永恒的話題，運(yùn)動(dòng)作為降脂的重要手段，探討影響運(yùn)動(dòng)中脂肪代謝的因素成為研究的熱點(diǎn)。
目的：探究運(yùn)動(dòng)方式、運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間對(duì)脂肪氧化動(dòng)力學(xué)特征的影響，歸納總結(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)調(diào)控脂肪氧化的生物學(xué)機(jī)制，探索合理運(yùn)動(dòng)處方在防治肥胖等代謝性疾病中的應(yīng)用啟示，并瞻望該領(lǐng)域的未來(lái)研究方向。
方法：通過(guò)中國(guó)知網(wǎng)(CNKI)、百鏈云圖書館、PubMed和EBSCO運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)全文等中英文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及Researcher、ResearchGate學(xué)術(shù)社交平臺(tái)，選取“運(yùn)動(dòng)；脂肪氧化；脂肪動(dòng)員；脂肪代謝；減肥”及“exercise；fat metabolism；fat energy ratio；fat oxidation rate”等作為檢索詞分別進(jìn)行中文及英文組合檢索，對(duì)最終納入的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行歸類、匯總、總結(jié)與提煉。
結(jié)果與結(jié)論：①脂肪氧化動(dòng)力學(xué)特征是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的非線性過(guò)程，主要包括脂肪供能比例和脂肪氧化率兩個(gè)方面，并受運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間、運(yùn)動(dòng)方式、運(yùn)動(dòng)水平、運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣和體成分等因素的影響，上述各因素相互關(guān)聯(lián)、相互制約，并呈現(xiàn)出階段性變化特征。②運(yùn)動(dòng)調(diào)控脂肪氧化的分子生物學(xué)機(jī)制已較為成熟，但乳酸抑制脂肪氧化的生物學(xué)機(jī)制還不完全清楚。③為提高減肥效果，建議增加每日運(yùn)動(dòng)量，但受能量保護(hù)機(jī)制的影響，運(yùn)動(dòng)減肥的時(shí)間并非越長(zhǎng)越好。建議后續(xù)加強(qiáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)調(diào)控脂肪氧化的基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用性研究，借助蛋白組學(xué)、基因組學(xué)和免疫組學(xué)等手段，在器官系統(tǒng)和細(xì)胞分子水平上，從神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)、免疫系統(tǒng)控制、骨骼肌代謝、線粒體適應(yīng)、腸道菌群活性以及外泌體釋放等方面入手尋找科學(xué)證據(jù)，探尋相關(guān)生物學(xué)機(jī)制。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-1700 (孔凡明) 

中國(guó)組織工程研究雜志出版內(nèi)容重點(diǎn)：組織構(gòu)建；骨細(xì)胞；軟骨細(xì)胞；細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)；成纖維細(xì)胞；血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞；骨質(zhì)疏松；組織工程

關(guān)鍵詞: 運(yùn)動(dòng), 能量代謝, 脂肪代謝, 脂肪供能比, 脂肪氧化率

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, reducing fat and losing weight has become an eternal topic. Exercise is an important means of lowering fat, and exploring the factors that affect fat metabolism during exercise has become a research hotspot. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of exercise style, exercise intensity, and exercise time on the kinetic characteristics of fat oxidation, summarize the biological mechanism of exercise regulating fat oxidation, explore the application enlightenment of reasonable exercise prescriptions in the prevention and treatment of obesity and other metabolic diseases, and look forward to future research directions in the field. 
METHODS: Literature retrieval was conducted in Chinese and English databases such as China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Bailian Cloud Library, PubMed and EBSCO Sports Science Full Text and Researcher and ResearchGate academic social platforms. The search terms included “exercise; fat metabolism; fat energy ratio; fat oxidation rate” in Chinese and English. After initial search, relevant documents were classified, summarized, and refined.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fat oxidation kinetics is a complex non-linear process, which mainly includes two aspects - fat energy supply ratio and fat oxidation rate, and is affected by exercise intensity, exercise time, exercise mode, exercise level, exercise habits, and body composition. The above-mentioned factors are interrelated and interacted, which experience changes in stages. The molecular biological mechanism of exercise regulating fat oxidation is relatively mature, but the biological mechanism of lactic acid inhibiting fat oxidation is not fully understood. To strengthen the weight loss effect, it is recommended to increase the amount of daily exercise. However, due to the influence of energy protection mechanism, a longer exercise does not indicate a better effect on weight loss. Further studies should be strengthened on the basic application of exercise to control fat oxidation. With the help of proteomics, genomics, and immunoomics tools, we can search for scientific evidence and explore relevant biological mechanisms at the organ system and cell molecular levels, in terms of neuromodulation, immune system control, skeletal muscle metabolism, mitochondrial adaptation, intestinal flora activity and exosomal release.

Key words: exercise, energy metabolism, fat metabolism, fat energy ratio, fat oxidation rate

中圖分類號(hào): 

R455

R318

G804.7

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