摘要：

目的·了解老年慢性病患者健康信息尋求行為的現(xiàn)狀、影響因素及其作用路徑。方法·2020年10月—2021年9月采用目的抽樣法選取上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬瑞金醫(yī)院502例老年慢性病患者為調(diào)查對象，采用一般資料調(diào)查表、慢性病患者健康素養(yǎng)量表（Health Literacy Management Scale，HeLMS）、慢性病自我效能感量表（Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale，CDSES）、健康信息尋求行為量表（Health Information Seeking Behavior，HISB）進(jìn)行調(diào)查。采用IBM SPSS 26.0軟件和Mplus 8.3軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果·老年慢性病患者的健康信息尋求行為總均分為（3.30±0.40）分；單因素分析顯示，不同年齡、居住地、學(xué)歷、月收入、醫(yī)保類型、健康信息的可理解程度和可信程度、自我效能感、健康素養(yǎng)和是否曾為親友尋求信息的老年慢性病患者的健康信息尋求行為得分差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（均P<0.05）；路徑分析顯示，健康信息的可理解程度、自我效能感、健康素養(yǎng)、健康信息的可信程度、學(xué)歷、居住地、醫(yī)保類型、月收入、曾為親友尋求健康信息可直接影響健康信息尋求行為，直接效應(yīng)依次為0.479、0.225、0.197、-0.197、0.154、0.145、-0.119、-0.085、0.070（均P<0.05）。月收入、健康信息的可理解程度、健康素養(yǎng)可通過健康信息的可信程度間接影響老年慢性病患者健康信息尋求行為，間接效應(yīng)依次是-0.036、0.033、0.032（均P<0.05）。結(jié)論·老年慢性病患者健康信息尋求行為現(xiàn)狀不佳，最重要的影響因素是健康信息的可理解程度，主要影響因素是健康素養(yǎng)、自我效能感、學(xué)歷、健康信息的可信程度、居住地、醫(yī)保類型、月收入和曾為親友尋求健康信息。建議醫(yī)務(wù)人員應(yīng)了解健康信息尋求行為的特征及其影響因素，加強(qiáng)對健康信息尋求行為的評估并及時(shí)實(shí)施干預(yù)措施，以提高老年慢性病患者的健康信息尋求行為水平。

關(guān)鍵詞: 健康信息尋求行為, 影響因素, 路徑分析, 慢性病, 老年人

Abstract:

Objective·To understand the status quo, influencing factors and action paths of health information seeking behavior in elderly patients with chronic diseases.Methods·From October 2020 to September 2021, five hundred and two elderly patients with chronic diseases in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected by objective sampling method. General Information Questionnaire, Health Literacy Management Scale (HeLMS), Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES), Health Information Seeking Behavior Scale were used. IBM SPSS 26.0 software and Mplus 8.3 software were used for statistics analysis.Results·The total average score of health information seeking behavior of elderly patients with chronic diseases was (3.30±0.40) points. The univariate analysis showed that different ages, residence, education, incomes, types of medical insurance, comprehensibility of health information, credibility of health information, self-efficacy, health literacy, and seeking health information for family members had statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The path analysis results showed that comprehensibility of health information, self-efficacy, health literacy, education, credibility of health information, residence, type of medical insurance, income, and seeking health information for friends and families can directly affect health information seeking behavior, and the direct effects was 0.479, 0.225, 0.197, -0.197, 0.154, 0.145, -0.119, -0.085, 0.070 (all P<0.05). Income, comprehensibility of health information, and health literacy can indirectly affect the health information seeking behavior of elderly patients with chronic diseases through the credibility of health information, and the indirect effects were -0.036, 0.033, 0.032 (all P<0.05).Conclusions·The current status of health information seeking behavior among elderly patients with chronic diseases is poor. The most important influencing factor is the understandability of health information, and the main influencing factors are health literacy, self-efficacy, education, credibility of health information, residence, type of medical insurance, income, and seeking health information for friends and family. It is suggested that medical staff should understand the characteristics and influencing factors of health information seeking behavior, strengthen the assessment of health information seeking behavior, and implement timely intervention measures to improve health information seeking behavior of elderly patients with chronic diseases.

Key words: health information seeking behavior, influencing factor, path analysis, chronic disease, the elderly

中圖分類號(hào): 

R193

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