摘要:

作為實(shí)現(xiàn)“城鄉(xiāng)無(wú)廢”目標(biāo)的重要組成部分，農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)廢物還田利用是一種資源節(jié)約、環(huán)境友好的利用路徑，對(duì)于提升農(nóng)村污染控制水平、促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、助力我國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰及碳中和目標(biāo)具有重要的意義。在系統(tǒng)總結(jié)農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)廢物還田利用的主要路徑以及研究現(xiàn)狀基礎(chǔ)上，分析農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)廢物還田對(duì)土壤健康狀況改善、農(nóng)田溫室氣體排放方面的影響，并對(duì)當(dāng)前存在的問(wèn)題提出解決措施。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，還田利用解決了大部分農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)廢物消納的問(wèn)題，有利于土壤肥力和固碳效果提升，但也帶來(lái)了農(nóng)田病蟲(chóng)害增加、稻田甲烷排放量居高不下、土地消納糞污量超載等新的問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，還田利用的市場(chǎng)要素不健全，短時(shí)間難以形成有效的市場(chǎng)閉環(huán)。應(yīng)從還田利用長(zhǎng)期系統(tǒng)定位監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建、完善還田利用效果監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系、補(bǔ)齊市場(chǎng)要素等方面，加快推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)廢物還田利用研究工作和制度建設(shè)，為促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展、確保糧食安全和應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化提供理論支撐。

Abstract:

As an important part of achieving the goal of "zero waste in urban and rural areas", returning the agricultural organic waste to farmland is a resource-saving and environmentally friendly utilization path, which is of great significance for improving the rural pollution control level, promoting sustainable development of agriculture, and helping China to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Based on the systematic summary of the main paths and research status of returning agricultural organic waste to farmland, the authors analyzed the impacts of returning agricultural organic waste to farmland on improving soil health and greenhouse gas emissions and proposed feasible solutions to the current problems. The studies showed that returning to farmland could resolve most agricultural organic waste utilization outlets, improving soil fertility and carbon sequestration. However, it also brought new problems, such as increasing pests and diseases in farmland, methane emissions, and the overload of soil manure consumption. In addition, market factors for returning organic waste to farmland were imperfect, making it difficult to form an effective market-closed loop in the short term. Scientific research and institutional construction of returning agricultural waste to farmland should be accelerated from the aspects of constructing a long-term and systematic in situ monitoring network, improving the monitoring and evaluation standard system on the farmland utilization effect of organic waste along with replenishing market elements, in order to offer theoretical support for promoting the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystem, ensuring food security and coping with global climate change.

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