城市綠地暴露與人群健康效應(yīng)研究

基金項(xiàng)目:

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(42271299); 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFC3800701)

Research review of urban green space exposure and its effects on human health

摘要:

城市綠地是城市綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和基于自然解決方案的主要載體,為人群提供了多種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù),關(guān)注人群健康和綠地布局的城市綠地暴露研究已經(jīng)成為城市生態(tài)學(xué)、城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展等學(xué)科的前沿?zé)狳c(diǎn)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外城市綠地暴露與人群健康研究仍處在興起的初步發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài),缺乏有效和公認(rèn)的研究范式。嘗試通過(guò)暴露科學(xué)的視角,研究城市綠地暴露及其人群健康效應(yīng)的研究的熱點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域:(1)從城市人群的綠地暴露特征來(lái)看,綠地暴露研究與現(xiàn)有旨在預(yù)防和減少環(huán)境污染暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的傳統(tǒng)環(huán)境健康研究的視角有顯著不同,其目標(biāo)是充分理解人群的綠地暴露特征及其產(chǎn)生健康效應(yīng)的機(jī)制,鼓勵(lì)和提高人群與綠地的有效和有益接觸,服務(wù)于城市綠地和健康社區(qū)營(yíng)造的科學(xué)規(guī)劃和決策。(2)從城市綠地暴露的量化表征來(lái)看,現(xiàn)有的多種綠地暴露評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)包括綠地可得性、綠地可及性和綠地可視性等多是表征了綠地的供給狀況,并非直接的綠地暴露過(guò)程描述,未來(lái)可以結(jié)合城市人群的綠地暴露時(shí)空動(dòng)態(tài)模式,參照總暴露數(shù)學(xué)方程來(lái)綜合量化不同途徑、訪問(wèn)周期、暴露時(shí)長(zhǎng)等因素。(3)從城市綠地暴露的人群健康效應(yīng)機(jī)制來(lái)看,現(xiàn)有綠地暴露的健康效應(yīng)機(jī)制研究獲得的通用理論性成果還不多,面臨的挑戰(zhàn)主要是:不同綠地健康效應(yīng)研究采用的暴露特征指標(biāo)不同,綠地暴露特征影響人群健康存在顯著的尺度性,以及缺乏統(tǒng)一的綠地暴露健康效應(yīng)調(diào)查方法。綠地在城市規(guī)劃和建設(shè)中的作用尤其突出,但綠地的人群健康促進(jìn)功能在我國(guó)城市規(guī)劃和建設(shè)中還鮮有應(yīng)用,作為城市生態(tài)學(xué)與環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、公共健康以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展的交叉前沿領(lǐng)域,相關(guān)成果將為指導(dǎo)健康導(dǎo)向的可持續(xù)城市/社區(qū)規(guī)劃與建設(shè)提供直接的科學(xué)依據(jù)與理論支撐。

Abstract:

Urban green spaces are the principal manifestation of urban green infrastructure and nature-based solutions (NBS), providing diverse ecosystem services for citizens. Urban green space exposure research focusing on human health and green spaces pattern has emerged as a hotspot in urban ecology and sustainable urban development disciplines. Currently, exposure to human health in urban green spaces is preliminary, lacking valid and acknowledged research paradigms. This paper attempts to review research milestones and advances in green space exposure and human health from the perspective of exposure science. (1) From the perspective of urban green space exposure characteristics, green space exposure research is significantly different from the perspective of existing traditional environmental health research which aimed at preventing and reducing the exposure risk of environmental pollution. Its goal is to fully understand the characteristics of green space exposure and the mechanism of its health effects, and encourage and improve the effective and beneficial contact between urban residents and green space, serving the scientific planning and decision-making of urban green space and healthy community construction. (2) From the quantitative representation of urban green space exposure, the existing multiple green space exposure indicators, including green space availability, green space accessibility, and green space visibility, mostly represent the supply status of green space, rather than the direct description of the urban residents’ green space exposure process. In the future, we can refer to the total exposure mathematical equation to comprehensively quantify different approaches, visit periods, exposure duration, and other factors based on spatiotemporal dynamic model of urban green space exposure. (3) From the perspective of the health effect mechanism of urban green space exposure, the current research on the health effect mechanism of green space exposure has not obtained many general theoretical results. The main challenges are: the exposure characteristic indicators used in different green space health effects research being different, the green space exposure affecting the health of people with significant scale effect, and the lack of unified green space exposure investigation methods. The role of green space in urban planning and construction is particularly prominent, but the population health promotion function of green space is rarely applied in urban planning and construction in China. Urban green space exposure and human health effect are the frontier fields of urban ecology and environmental risk, public health and sustainable development. Relevant achievements will provide directly scientific basis and theoretical support for guiding the health-oriented sustainable urban/community planning and construction.

吝濤,曾志偉,姚霞,耿紅凱,余兆武,王蘭,林美霞,張浚茂,鄭毅誠(chéng).城市綠地暴露與人群健康效應(yīng)研究.生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào),2023,43(23):10013~10021

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