首頁資訊國外居家醫(yī)療研究熱點與前沿分析

國外居家醫(yī)療研究熱點與前沿分析

來源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時間：2025年05月08日 19:56

摘要： 背景　中國老年人口基數(shù)大，人口老齡化進程快，缺少應(yīng)對老齡化的頂層設(shè)計，戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃相對滯后，失能、慢性病人口負擔嚴重，以醫(yī)院為中心的醫(yī)療體系已經(jīng)無法滿足社會的需要。相較于中國老齡人口、失能人口、慢性病人口的迅猛增長，我國居家醫(yī)療的發(fā)展相對遲緩和落后。目的　分析國外居家醫(yī)療近十年的研究現(xiàn)狀，以期了解居家醫(yī)療相關(guān)文獻研究熱點、關(guān)注焦點，探討其現(xiàn)狀，展望發(fā)展方向。方法　于2019-08-14，以“home-based care”為主題詞，檢索Web of Science 核心數(shù)據(jù)庫（WoSCC）發(fā)表的居家醫(yī)療相關(guān)文獻，檢索年限為2010—2019年（截止日期2019-08-14），采用Web of Science和CiteSpace進行文獻檢索結(jié)果分析、文獻共被引分析及關(guān)鍵詞的共現(xiàn)分析。結(jié)果　共納入3 216篇居家醫(yī)療相關(guān)文獻。2010—2019年，居家醫(yī)療相關(guān)文獻量逐年增加，其中美國的發(fā)文量最多，為1 311篇（40.8%）；排在前3位的研究領(lǐng)域為：醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)（549篇）、公共環(huán)境職業(yè)健康（420篇）、老年病學(xué)（409篇）；文獻共被引分析得到5個聚類：心力衰竭（heart failure）、質(zhì)性研究（qualitative study）、研究方案（study protocol）、乳腺癌患者（breast cancer patient）及居家姑息護理（home-based palliative care）；關(guān)鍵詞共現(xiàn)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，護理出現(xiàn)頻次最高（395次），生活質(zhì)量出現(xiàn)頻次次之（325次），艾滋病作為關(guān)鍵詞突顯性最高；關(guān)鍵詞中心性排名前3位的分別為隨機對照試驗（0.85）、疾病管理（0.73）、居家干預(yù)（0.71）。結(jié)論　居家醫(yī)療研究主題呈現(xiàn)多樣化的特點，涉及范圍廣泛，主要關(guān)注老年人生活質(zhì)量、艾滋病咨詢、居家姑息護理、居家服務(wù)花費以及心力衰竭家庭康復(fù)。國外居家醫(yī)療研究全面，不斷探索發(fā)展模式，整個發(fā)展過程相對健全穩(wěn)定且持續(xù)高速。相對來說，我國的居家醫(yī)療發(fā)展尚處探索和學(xué)習階段。分析文獻可以看出居家醫(yī)療在改善居家患者生活質(zhì)量、醫(yī)療成本、慢性病康復(fù)以及艾滋病的咨詢與檢測上有重要作用。

關(guān)鍵詞: 家庭醫(yī)療保健服務(wù), 居家醫(yī)療, 研究熱點, 研究前沿, CiteSpace, 文獻計量學(xué)

Abstract: Background　In China，a country with huge elderly population，accelerated population aging and heavy burden caused by disabilities and chronic diseases，there is a lack of top-level design to cope with aging and the strategic planning is relatively backward.Moreover，hospital-centered medical system can not meet people's healthcare needs.Furthermore，home-based care is still backward and develops relatively slowly in contrast to rapid growth of elderly population，population with disabilities and chronic disease population.Objective　To analyze the overseas research frontiers on home-based care in the past 10 years，to identify the research hotspots and frontiers as well as prospect of home-based care.Methods　On August 14，2019，using "home-based care" as the subject heading，the database of Web of Science Core Collection was searched for studies regarding home-based care published from 2010 to August 14，2019.Web of Science- and CiteSpace-based analyses，and co-citation analysis of the included studies，as well as co-occurrence analysis of the keywords were performed.Results　Overall，3 216 studies were included，1 311（40.8%） of them were published in the United States，accounting for the largest proportion of the total.The studies showed a trend of annual increase during this period.The top 3 research fields were health care services（549 studies），public environment & occupational health（420 studies），and geriatrics（409 studies）.5 co-citation clusters were derived：heart failure，qualitative study，study protocol，breast cancer patient，and home-based palliative care.Co-concurrence network analysis identified "quality of life"（325 times） as the second high-frequency keywords，next to "care"（395 times）.And "AIDS" had the strongest citation burst.The top 3 key words The top three keywords with highest centrality value were "randomized controlled trial" （0.85），"disease management" （0.73），and "home-based intervention"（0.71）.Conclusion　The overseas research topics of home-based care involving multiple fields，mainly focus on quality of life in elderly people，AIDS counselling，home-based palliative care，cost，and home-based heart failure rehabilitation.In a word，overseas research on home-based care is comprehensive，showing a sound and stable as well as constant rapid development，in particular，its development models are constantly being explored.In contrast，home-based care in China is still in the exploratory phase，needing to learn advanced experiences from other countries.Literature review may find that home-based care plays an important role in improving patients' quality of life，chronic diseases rehabilitation，AIDS counseling and testing，and reducing medical cost.

Key words: Home care services, Home-based care, Rresearch hotspots, Research frontiers, CiteSpace, Bibliometrics