首頁 資訊 Halo 正式開源: 使用可穿戴設(shè)備進行開源健康追蹤

Halo 正式開源: 使用可穿戴設(shè)備進行開源健康追蹤

來源:泰然健康網(wǎng) 時間:2024年11月28日 03:19

在飛速發(fā)展的可穿戴技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,我們正處于一個十字路口。市場上充斥著各式時尚、功能豐富的設(shè)備,聲稱能夠徹底改變我們對健康和健身的方式。然而,在這些光鮮的外觀和營銷宣傳背后,隱藏著一個令人擔憂的現(xiàn)實:大多數(shù)這些設(shè)備是封閉系統(tǒng),其內(nèi)部運行被專有代碼和封閉硬件所掩蓋。作為消費者,我們對這些設(shè)備如何收集、處理及可能共享我們的健康數(shù)據(jù)一無所知。

這時,Halo 出現(xiàn)了,它是一種旨在讓健康追蹤更加普惠化的開源替代方案。通過這系列文章,我們將引導你從基礎(chǔ)入手,構(gòu)建并使用完全透明、可定制的可穿戴設(shè)備。

需要說明的是,Halo 的目標并不是在拋光度或功能完整性上與消費級可穿戴設(shè)備競爭。相反,它提供了一種獨特的、動手實踐的方式來理解健康追蹤設(shè)備背后的技術(shù)。

我們將使用 Swift 5 來構(gòu)建對應的 iOS 界面,以及 Python >= 3.10。由于此項目的代碼完全 開源,你可以隨時提交合并請求,或者分叉項目以探索全新的方向。

你將需要:

獲取 COLMI R02 實際設(shè)備,價格在撰寫時為 11 到 30 美金左右。 一個安裝了 Xcode 16 的開發(fā)環(huán)境,以及可選的 Apple 開發(fā)者計劃會員資格。 Python >= 3.10,并安裝了 pandas、numpy、torch 當然還有 transformers。

致謝

此項目基于 Python 倉庫 的代碼及我的學習成果構(gòu)建。

免責聲明

作為一名醫(yī)生,我有法律義務(wù)提醒你:你即將閱讀的內(nèi)容并不是醫(yī)學建議?,F(xiàn)在,讓我們開始讓一些可穿戴設(shè)備發(fā)出蜂鳴聲吧!

配對戒指

在進入代碼之前,讓我們先了解藍牙低能耗(BLE)的關(guān)鍵規(guī)格。BLE 基于一個簡單的客戶端-服務(wù)器模型,使用三個核心概念:中央設(shè)備(Centrals)、服務(wù)(Services) 和 特征(Characteristics)。以下是它們的具體介紹:

中央設(shè)備(例如你的 iPhone)負責啟動和管理與外設(shè)(例如我們的 COLMI R02 戒指)的連接。戒指通過廣播自身信息等待手機連接,每次僅支持一臺手機連接。 服務(wù)是戒指上相關(guān)功能的集合,例如心率監(jiān)測服務(wù)或電池狀態(tài)服務(wù)。每個服務(wù)都有一個唯一標識符(UUID),客戶端通過它來找到對應服務(wù)。 特征是每個服務(wù)中的具體數(shù)據(jù)點或控制機制。例如,它們可能是只讀(獲取傳感器數(shù)據(jù))、只寫(發(fā)送命令)或兩者兼有。有些特征還能在其值發(fā)生變化時自動通知手機,這對于實時健康監(jiān)測尤為重要。

當手機連接到戒指時,會定位所需的服務(wù),并與特定特征交互以發(fā)送命令或接收數(shù)據(jù)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)化的方法不僅確保了通信效率,還能延長電池使用時間。了解了這些基礎(chǔ)知識后,讓我們開始構(gòu)建吧!

設(shè)置 Xcode 項目

創(chuàng)建一個名為 Halo 的新項目,目標平臺為 iOS。組織標識符建議使用反向域名格式(如 com.example)。本項目中,我們使用 com.FirstNameLastName。

接下來,為應用啟用必要的功能。在 Xcode 中,打開 Signing & Capabilities 選項卡,啟用以下 后臺模式(Background Modes),以確保應用在后臺運行時能夠保持與戒指的連接并處理數(shù)據(jù)。

然后,我們將使用 Apple 提供的最新框架 AccessorySetupKit,用于將藍牙和 Wi-Fi 配件連接到 iOS 應用。此框架自 iOS 18 推出,替代了傳統(tǒng)的廣泛藍牙權(quán)限請求方式,專注于為用戶明確批準的特定設(shè)備提供訪問權(quán)限。

當用戶嘗試將 COLMI R02 戒指連接到應用時,AccessorySetupKit 會顯示一個系統(tǒng)界面,僅列出兼容的附近設(shè)備。用戶選擇設(shè)備后,應用即可與戒指通信,而無需請求完整的藍牙權(quán)限。這大大提升了用戶隱私,同時簡化了設(shè)備連接的管理流程。

打開 Info.plist 文件(可以在左側(cè)邊欄中找到,或通過 Project Navigator (?1) > Your Target > Info 定位)。添加以下鍵值條目以支持與 COLMI R02 戒指的配對:

添加 NSAccessorySetupKitSupports,類型為 Array,并將 Bluetooth 作為第一個項目。 添加 NSAccessorySetupBluetoothServices,類型為 Array,并將以下 UUID 作為 String 項: 6E40FFF0-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E 0000180A-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB

至此,初步配置完成!

Ring Session Manager 類

接下來,我們將創(chuàng)建一個 RingSessionManager 類,用于管理所有與戒指的通信。此類的主要職責包括:

掃描附近的戒指 連接到戒指 發(fā)現(xiàn)服務(wù)和特征 實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)讀寫操作 第一步:創(chuàng)建 RingSessionManager

首先創(chuàng)建一個新的 Swift 文件(?N),命名為 RingSessionManager.swift。以下是類的定義以及需要實現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵屬性:

@Observableclass RingSessionManager: NSObject { // 追蹤連接狀態(tài) var peripheralConnected = false var pickerDismissed = true // 存儲當前連接的戒指 var currentRing: ASAccessory? private var session = ASAccessorySession() // 核心藍牙對象 private var manager: CBCentralManager? private var peripheral: CBPeripheral?} 第二步:發(fā)現(xiàn)戒指

戒指通過特定的藍牙服務(wù) UUID 進行廣播。為了找到它,我們需要創(chuàng)建一個 ASDiscoveryDescriptor 對象,指定其藍牙服務(wù)的 UUID。以下代碼完成了這一功能:

private static let ring: ASPickerDisplayItem = { let descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor() descriptor.bluetoothServiceUUID = CBUUID(string: "6E40FFF0-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E") return ASPickerDisplayItem( name: "COLMI R02 Ring", productImage: UIImage(named: "colmi")!, descriptor: descriptor )}()

確保將戒指圖片添加到項目資源目錄中,或者用合適的占位符替換 UIImage(named: "colmi")!。

第三步:顯示戒指選擇器

為了讓用戶選擇戒指,我們調(diào)用系統(tǒng)內(nèi)置的設(shè)備選擇器界面:

func presentPicker() { session.showPicker(for: [Self.ring]) { error in if let error { print("Failed to show picker: (error.localizedDescription)") } }} 第四步:處理戒指選擇

當用戶從選擇器中選定設(shè)備后,應用需要處理連接和管理邏輯。以下代碼實現(xiàn)了事件處理:

private func handleSessionEvent(event: ASAccessoryEvent) { switch event.eventType { case .accessoryAdded: guard let ring = event.accessory else { return } saveRing(ring: ring) case .activated: // 重新連接已配對戒指 guard let ring = session.accessories.first else { return } saveRing(ring: ring) case .accessoryRemoved: currentRing = nil manager = nil }} 第五步:建立連接

完成選擇戒指后,我們需要與其建立藍牙連接:

func connect() { guard let manager, manager.state == .poweredOn, let peripheral else { return } let options: [String: Any] = [ CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnConnectionKey: true, CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey: true, CBConnectPeripheralOptionStartDelayKey: 1 ] manager.connect(peripheral, options: options)} 第六步:理解委托方法

在 RingSessionManager 中,我們實現(xiàn)了兩個關(guān)鍵的委托協(xié)議,用于管理藍牙通信過程。

中央管理器委托(CBCentralManagerDelegate)
此委托主要處理藍牙連接的整體狀態(tài)。

func centralManagerDidUpdateState(_ central: CBCentralManager) { print("Central manager state: (central.state)") switch central.state { case .poweredOn: if let peripheralUUID = currentRing?.bluetoothIdentifier { if let knownPeripheral = central.retrievePeripherals(withIdentifiers: [peripheralUUID]).first { print("Found previously connected peripheral") peripheral = knownPeripheral peripheral?.delegate = self connect() } else { print("Known peripheral not found, starting scan") } } default: peripheral = nil }}

當藍牙開啟時,程序會檢查是否有已連接的戒指,并嘗試重新連接。
成功連接后:

func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didConnect peripheral: CBPeripheral) { print("DEBUG: Connected to peripheral: (peripheral)") peripheral.delegate = self print("DEBUG: Discovering services...") peripheral.discoverServices([CBUUID(string: Self.ringServiceUUID)]) peripheralConnected = true}

斷開連接時:

func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didDisconnectPeripheral peripheral: CBPeripheral, error: (any Error)?) { print("Disconnected from peripheral: (peripheral)") peripheralConnected = false characteristicsDiscovered = false}

外設(shè)委托(CBPeripheralDelegate)

此委托主要處理與戒指的具體通信。
首先發(fā)現(xiàn)戒指的服務(wù):

func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverServices error: (any Error)?) { print("DEBUG: Services discovery callback, error: (String(describing: error))") guard error == nil, let services = peripheral.services else { print("DEBUG: No services found or error occurred") return } print("DEBUG: Found (services.count) services") for service in services { if service.uuid == CBUUID(string: Self.ringServiceUUID) { print("DEBUG: Found ring service, discovering characteristics...") peripheral.discoverCharacteristics([ CBUUID(string: Self.uartRxCharacteristicUUID), CBUUID(string: Self.uartTxCharacteristicUUID) ], for: service) } }}

發(fā)現(xiàn)特征后:

func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverCharacteristicsFor service: CBService, error: Error?) { print("DEBUG: Characteristics discovery callback, error: (String(describing: error))") guard error == nil, let characteristics = service.characteristics else { print("DEBUG: No characteristics found or error occurred") return } print("DEBUG: Found (characteristics.count) characteristics") for characteristic in characteristics { switch characteristic.uuid { case CBUUID(string: Self.uartRxCharacteristicUUID): print("DEBUG: Found UART RX characteristic") self.uartRxCharacteristic = characteristic case CBUUID(string: Self.uartTxCharacteristicUUID): print("DEBUG: Found UART TX characteristic") self.uartTxCharacteristic = characteristic peripheral.setNotifyValue(true, for: characteristic) default: print("DEBUG: Found other characteristic: (characteristic.uuid)") } } characteristicsDiscovered = true}

接收數(shù)據(jù)時:

func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didUpdateValueFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic, error: Error?) { if characteristic.uuid == CBUUID(string: Self.uartTxCharacteristicUUID) { if let value = characteristic.value { print("Received value: (value)") } }}

發(fā)送命令后:

func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didWriteValueFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic, error: Error?) { if let error = error { print("Write to characteristic failed: (error.localizedDescription)") } else { print("Write to characteristic successful") }} 完整代碼

完整的 RingSessionManager 類代碼如下:

import Foundationimport AccessorySetupKitimport CoreBluetoothimport SwiftUI @Observableclass RingSessionManager: NSObject { var peripheralConnected = false var pickerDismissed = true var currentRing: ASAccessory? private var session = ASAccessorySession() private var manager: CBCentralManager? private var peripheral: CBPeripheral? private var uartRxCharacteristic: CBCharacteristic? private var uartTxCharacteristic: CBCharacteristic? private static let ringServiceUUID = "6E40FFF0-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E" private static let uartRxCharacteristicUUID = "6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E" private static let uartTxCharacteristicUUID = "6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E" private static let deviceInfoServiceUUID = "0000180A-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB" private static let deviceHardwareUUID = "00002A27-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB" private static let deviceFirmwareUUID = "00002A26-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB" private static let ring: ASPickerDisplayItem = { let descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor() descriptor.bluetoothServiceUUID = CBUUID(string: ringServiceUUID) return ASPickerDisplayItem( name: "COLMI R02 Ring", productImage: UIImage(named: "colmi")!, descriptor: descriptor ) }() private var characteristicsDiscovered = false override init() { super.init() self.session.activate(on: DispatchQueue.main, eventHandler: handleSessionEvent(event:)) } // MARK: - RingSessionManager actions func presentPicker() { session.showPicker(for: [Self.ring]) { error in if let error { print("Failed to show picker due to: (error.localizedDescription)") } } } func removeRing() { guard let currentRing else { return } if peripheralConnected { disconnect() } session.removeAccessory(currentRing) { _ in self.currentRing = nil self.manager = nil } } func connect() { guard let manager, manager.state == .poweredOn, let peripheral else { return } let options: [String: Any] = [ CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnConnectionKey: true, CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey: true, CBConnectPeripheralOptionStartDelayKey: 1 ] manager.connect(peripheral, options: options) } func disconnect() { guard let peripheral, let manager else { return } manager.cancelPeripheralConnection(peripheral) } // MARK: - ASAccessorySession functions private func saveRing(ring: ASAccessory) { currentRing = ring if manager == nil { manager = CBCentralManager(delegate: self, queue: nil) } } private func handleSessionEvent(event: ASAccessoryEvent) { switch event.eventType { case .accessoryAdded, .accessoryChanged: guard let ring = event.accessory else { return } saveRing(ring: ring) case .activated: guard let ring = session.accessories.first else { return } saveRing(ring: ring) case .accessoryRemoved: self.currentRing = nil self.manager = nil case .pickerDidPresent: pickerDismissed = false case .pickerDidDismiss: pickerDismissed = true default: print("Received event type (event.eventType)") } }} // MARK: - CBCentralManagerDelegateextension RingSessionManager: CBCentralManagerDelegate { func centralManagerDidUpdateState(_ central: CBCentralManager) { print("Central manager state: (central.state)") switch central.state { case .poweredOn: if let peripheralUUID = currentRing?.bluetoothIdentifier { if let knownPeripheral = central.retrievePeripherals(withIdentifiers: [peripheralUUID]).first { print("Found previously connected peripheral") peripheral = knownPeripheral peripheral?.delegate = self connect() } else { print("Known peripheral not found, starting scan") } } default: peripheral = nil } } func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didConnect peripheral: CBPeripheral) { print("DEBUG: Connected to peripheral: (peripheral)") peripheral.delegate = self print("DEBUG: Discovering services...") peripheral.discoverServices([CBUUID(string: Self.ringServiceUUID)]) peripheralConnected = true } func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didDisconnectPeripheral peripheral: CBPeripheral, error: (any Error)?) { print("Disconnected from peripheral: (peripheral)") peripheralConnected = false characteristicsDiscovered = false } func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didFailToConnect peripheral: CBPeripheral, error: (any Error)?) { print("Failed to connect to peripheral: (peripheral), error: (error.debugDescription)") }} // MARK: - CBPeripheralDelegateextension RingSessionManager: CBPeripheralDelegate { func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverServices error: (any Error)?) { print("DEBUG: Services discovery callback, error: (String(describing: error))") guard error == nil, let services = peripheral.services else { print("DEBUG: No services found or error occurred") return } print("DEBUG: Found (services.count) services") for service in services { if service.uuid == CBUUID(string: Self.ringServiceUUID) { print("DEBUG: Found ring service, discovering characteristics...") peripheral.discoverCharacteristics([ CBUUID(string: Self.uartRxCharacteristicUUID), CBUUID(string: Self.uartTxCharacteristicUUID) ], for: service) } } } func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverCharacteristicsFor service: CBService, error: Error?) { print("DEBUG: Characteristics discovery callback, error: (String(describing: error))") guard error == nil, let characteristics = service.characteristics else { print("DEBUG: No characteristics found or error occurred") return } print("DEBUG: Found (characteristics.count) characteristics") for characteristic in characteristics { switch characteristic.uuid { case CBUUID(string: Self.uartRxCharacteristicUUID): print("DEBUG: Found UART RX characteristic") self.uartRxCharacteristic = characteristic case CBUUID(string: Self.uartTxCharacteristicUUID): print("DEBUG: Found UART TX characteristic") self.uartTxCharacteristic = characteristic peripheral.setNotifyValue(true, for: characteristic) default: print("DEBUG: Found other characteristic: (characteristic.uuid)") } } characteristicsDiscovered = true } func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didUpdateValueFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic, error: Error?) { if characteristic.uuid == CBUUID(string: Self.uartTxCharacteristicUUID) { if let value = characteristic.value { print("Received value: (value)") } } } func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didWriteValueFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic, error: Error?) { if let error = error { print("Write to characteristic failed: (error.localizedDescription)") } else { print("Write to characteristic successful") } }}

最后一步:將其應用到我們的應用程序中

在 ContentView.swift 中粘貼以下代碼,作為主界面的一部分:

import SwiftUIimport AccessorySetupKit struct ContentView: View { @State var ringSessionManager = RingSessionManager() var body: some View { List { Section("MY DEVICE", content: { if ringSessionManager.pickerDismissed, let currentRing = ringSessionManager.currentRing { makeRingView(ring: currentRing) } else { Button { ringSessionManager.presentPicker() } label: { Text("Add Ring") .frame(maxWidth: .infinity) .font(Font.headline.weight(.semibold)) } } }) }.listStyle(.insetGrouped) } @ViewBuilder private func makeRingView(ring: ASAccessory) -> some View { HStack { Image("colmi") .resizable() .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit) .frame(height: 70) VStack(alignment: .leading) { Text(ring.displayName) .font(Font.headline.weight(.semibold)) } } }} #Preview { ContentView()}

如果一切配置正確,你現(xiàn)在可以構(gòu)建并運行應用。當點擊“Add Ring”按鈕時,將彈出一個界面,顯示附近的兼容設(shè)備(包括 COLMI R02 戒指)。選擇設(shè)備后,應用即可完成連接。

連接演示

在后續(xù)的文章中,我們將進一步探索如何與戒指交互,包括讀取電池電量、獲取傳感器數(shù)據(jù)(如 PPG 和加速度計),并基于這些數(shù)據(jù)開發(fā)實時心率監(jiān)測、活動追蹤及睡眠檢測功能。敬請期待!

英文原文: https://hf.co/blog/cyrilzakka/halo-introduction

原文作者: Cyril, ML Researcher, Health AI Lead @ Hugging Face

譯者: Lu Cheng, Hugging Face Fellow

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