摘要：

目的　探究基于循證醫(yī)學的預(yù)見性護理干預(yù)對腎移植患者術(shù)后尿路感染及情緒狀態(tài)的影響。方法　本研究為前瞻性對比實驗研究，選取于2021年1月至2022年12月就診鄭州市第七人民醫(yī)院腎移植腎臟病診療中心的80例腎移植患者為研究對象，根據(jù)入院時間分為對照組與觀察組，各40例。對照組男24例、女16例，年齡22～64（43.67±7.25）歲，給予常規(guī)護理；觀察組男23例、女17例，年齡25～67（44.39±8.15）歲，在對照組基礎(chǔ)上給予基于循證醫(yī)學的預(yù)見性護理干預(yù)。對比兩組心理狀態(tài)［焦慮自評量表（Self-rating Anxiety Scale SAS）、抑郁自評量表（Self-rating Depression Scale，SDS）］、生活質(zhì)量［腎移植患者生活質(zhì)量相關(guān)評定量表（Quality of Life Scale for Patients of Renal Transplantation，QOL-RT）］、滿意度、導尿管留置時間、排尿功能、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。統(tǒng)計學方法采用t檢驗、χ2檢驗。結(jié)果　觀察組導尿管留置時間較對照組短，排尿功能較對照組高［（6.87±1.33）d比（8.94±1.52）d、（2.01±0.31）分比（1.54±0.32）分］，差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義（t=6.482、6.672，均P<0.05）。觀察組并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率低于對照組［10.00%（4/40）比42.50%（17/40）］，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（χ2=10.912，P<0.05）。干預(yù)后，兩組SDS、SAS均較干預(yù)前降低，且觀察組低于對照組［（41.26±4.18）分比（46.14±3.66）分、（37.81±5.69）分比（44.87±4.38）分］，QOL-RT均較干預(yù)前升高，且觀察組高于對照組［（94.67±8.45）分比（87.64±7.34）分］，差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義（t=5.555、6.218、3.972，均P<0.05）。觀察組滿意度為100.00%（40/40），高于對照組［80.00%（32/40）］，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（χ2=6.806，P<0.05）。結(jié)論　基于循證醫(yī)學的預(yù)見性護理干預(yù)可降低腎移植患者術(shù)后尿路感染發(fā)生風險，改善排尿功能，調(diào)節(jié)患者心理狀態(tài)，提高生活質(zhì)量，從而提升護理滿意度。

關(guān)鍵詞:

腎移植, 循證醫(yī)學, 預(yù)見性, 尿路感染, 生活質(zhì)量

Abstract:

Objective　To explore the effect of predictive nursing intervention based on evidence-based medicine on urinary tract infection and emotional state of patients after kidney transplantation. Methods　This is a prospective comparative experimental study. According to the admission order, 80 patients taking at Center for Kidney Transplantation and Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Diseases, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were divided a control group and an observation group, with 40 cases in each group. There were 24 males and 16 females in the control group; they were 22-64 (43.67±7.25) years old. There were 23 males and 17 females in the observation group; they were 25-67 (44.39±8.15) years old. The control group took routine nursing; in addition, the observation group took predictive nursing intervention based on evidence-based medicine. The psychological status [Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS)], quality of life [Quality of Life Scale for Patients of Renal Transplantation (QOL-RT)], satisfaction, catheter retention times, urination function, and incidences of complications were compared between the two groups. t and χ2 tests were used. Results　The catheter retention time and urination function in the observation group were better than those in the control group [(6.87±1.33)d vs. (8.94±1.52)d and (2.01±0.31) vs. (1.54±0.32)], with statistical differences (t=6.482 and 6.672; both P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [10.00% (4/40) vs. 42.50% (17/40)], with a statistical difference (χ2=10.912, P<0.05). After the intervention, the scores of SDS, SAS, and QOL-RT in the observation group were better than those in the control group [(41.26±4.18) vs. (46.14±3.66), (37.81±5.69) vs. (44.87±4.38), and (94.67±8.45) vs. (87.64±7.34)], with statistical differences (t=5.555, 6.218, and 3.972; all P<0.05). The satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group [100.00% (40/40) vs. 80.00% (32/40)], with a statistical difference (χ2=6.806, P<0.05). Conclusion　Predictive nursing intervention based on evidence-based medicine can reduce the risk of urinary tract infection in patients after kidney transplantation, improve their urination function, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction, and regulate their psychological state.

Key words:

Kidney transplantation, Evidence-based medicine, Foreseeability, Urinary tract infection, Quality of life

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