生物科學(xué)與技術(shù)    果糖的吸收代謝以及與健康的關(guān)系浙江大學(xué)食品科學(xué)與營(yíng)養(yǎng)系,杭州 310058Absorption and metabolism of fructose and its relationship with human healthCAI Wenwen, LI DuoDepartment of Food Science & Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 摘要 相關(guān)文章 Metrics 全文:PDF(3373 KB)  HTML ( ) 摘要： 果糖是一種單糖,由于其甜度大于葡萄糖和蔗糖,近年來(lái)高果糖濃度的果葡糖漿被廣泛用于食品工業(yè)中。因此,近年來(lái)果糖對(duì)人體健康的影響備受關(guān)注。本研究總結(jié)了果糖的主要食物來(lái)源、吸收和代謝，與相關(guān)疾病之間的關(guān)系,以及推薦攝入量。果糖和葡萄糖不同,它的主要代謝器官是肝,除部分代謝為葡萄糖外,主要代謝為脂肪酸,后者進(jìn)一步合成甘油三酯。肝中甘油三酯沉積會(huì)增加脂肪肝的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和胰島素抵抗,其余甘油三酯可被轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至其他組織器官,增加胰島素抵抗、肥胖和心血管系統(tǒng)疾病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。世界衛(wèi)生組織建議在整個(gè)生命歷程中減少游離糖攝入量，成人和兒童游離糖攝入量應(yīng)減至攝入總能量的10%以內(nèi)。如能進(jìn)一步將其降至低于攝入總能量的5%,則對(duì)健康有更多益處。Abstract: Fructose is a monosaccharide. Fructose is greatly sweeter than glucose and sucrose. In recent years, high fructose corn syrup has been widely used in beverages and food industry globally. However, the effect of fructose on human health has received much attention in current years. In this review, we mainly discussed the food source, absorption and metabolism of fructose, relationship between fructose and metabolic disorders, and recommendation intake of total sugar. 　　Crystalline fructose is dried, ground, and highly pure. Fructose is found in most fruits and vegetables either as a monosaccharide or as a unit of sucrose. The ratio of fructose to glucose in most natural food is approximately 1∶1. Fructose has the lowest glycemic index of all natural sugars. High-fructose corn syrup is a mixture of fructose and glucose. HFCS is widely used in food industry, added into soft drinks and baked foods for its palatability and good taste. HFCS-42, HFCS-55 and HFCS-90 are three kinds of HFCS. The number for each HFCS represents the percentage of fructose in the syrup. Free fructose is absorbed directly by intestine via facilitated transport involving GULT5 transport proteins. Unabsorbed fructose in intestine can cause abdominal symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. When fructose exists in a 1∶1 ratio with glucose, it can be absorbed mostly. Unlike glucose, fructose can be metabolized in liver, it can be partially converted into glucose, and mostly metabolized to fatty acid, and the latter can be synthesized into triacylglycerol. Fructose is first metabolized into fructose 1-phosphate by fructose to kinase referred to as fructolysis. Unlike glycolysis, in fructolysis the triose glyceraldehyde lacks a phosphate group. Fructose 1-phosphate then is hydrolyzed by aldose B to form dihydroxy acetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde. DHAP can either be isomerized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by triosephosphate isomersae or reduced to glycerol 3-phosphate by glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The glyceraldehyde produced may also be converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by glyceraldehyde kinase or further converted to glycerol 3-phosphate by glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The metabolism of fructose yields intermediates in the gluconeogenic pathway leading to glycogen synthesis as well as fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. Triacylglycerol can be accumulated in liver to cause non-alcohol fatty liver and insulin resistance in liver. Triglycerides are incorporated into very-low-density lipoproteins, which are released from the liver destined toward peripheral tissues for storage in both fat and muscle cells. Then, triacylglycerol can also be transported to others organs and tissues to increase the risk of insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular disease. 　　Based on the available evidence,WHO recommends a reduced intake of free sugars throughout the life to limit free sugars intake to less than 10% of total energy intake. WHO suggests a further reduction of the intake of free sugars to below 5% of total energy intake. 　　In conclusion, there exits a relationship between fructose and non-alcohol fatty liver, obesity, cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance. Therefore, fructose should be applied in an appropriate way or it will exert a detrimental influence on health. It is reasonable to pay more attention on reducing fructose intake.出版日期: 2016-05-20ViewedFull text


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