摘要: 乳鐵蛋白是食品營養(yǎng)與生物技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的研究熱點之一，具有多種生理活性，如調(diào)節(jié)免疫系統(tǒng)、改善神經(jīng)發(fā)育系統(tǒng)、促進細胞再生、調(diào)節(jié)糖脂代謝途徑以及酶活性等。本文對乳鐵蛋白的結(jié)構(gòu)及其在抗菌、抗炎、抗癌、抗病毒和促進腸道健康等方面的作用進行了系統(tǒng)地綜述，并著重對乳鐵蛋白在神經(jīng)發(fā)育、調(diào)節(jié)糖脂代謝、再生屬性以及酶活性等方面的最新研究進展進行了總結(jié)，最后對乳鐵蛋白在食品等行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用進行了分析歸納，并提出了乳鐵蛋白未來的研究重點和方向。

關(guān)鍵詞: 乳鐵蛋白  /  結(jié)構(gòu)  /  生理活性  /  應(yīng)用  

Abstract: Lactoferrin is one of the research hotspots in the field of food nutrition and biotechnology. It has a variety of physiological activities, such as regulating the immune system, improving the neurodevelopmental system, promoting cell regeneration, regulating lipid metabolism pathway and enzyme activity. In this paper, the structure of lactoferrin is introduced, and the role of lactoferrin in antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral and intestinal health promotion is systematically summarized. In addition, the recent research progress of lactoferrin in neural development, regulation of lipid metabolism, regeneration properties and enzyme activity are summarized in detail.At last, the application of lactoferrin in food industry is summarized, and the future research focus and direction of lactoferrin are put forward.

表  1   不同行業(yè)產(chǎn)品對乳鐵蛋白功效的利用[80-89]

Table  1   Application of lactoferrinin different industries[80-89]

產(chǎn)品功效適用對象類別 乳鐵蛋白嬰兒配方奶粉補充乳鐵蛋白，增強嬰兒機體免疫力，促進機體生長發(fā)育嬰兒食品沖劑改善缺鐵性貧血缺鐵性貧血患者保健食品飲料維持神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，預(yù)防神經(jīng)退行性疾病，預(yù)防骨質(zhì)疏松老人保健食品面制品促進胃腸道健康普通人群食品口香糖促進脂肪代謝、調(diào)控細胞增殖、抗腫瘤、促進神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育普通人群食品肉類保鮮添加劑促進鈣吸收、作為鉻結(jié)合劑或者抗病毒普通人群其他低硝茶腸添加劑抑菌普通人群食品術(shù)后藥物輔劑抗炎、抗菌、抗腫瘤病人醫(yī)療液態(tài)奶抑菌病人醫(yī)療口腔疾病治療輔助藥物抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒，在生理濃度下能有效刺激成骨細胞增殖和分化，抑制破骨細胞形成口腔疾病患者醫(yī)療動物飼料促進生長、改善腸道微生物菌群，抑制產(chǎn)腸毒素大腸桿菌等有害菌，降低死亡率養(yǎng)殖動物動物飼料化妝品添加劑抗菌、抗炎、抑制黑色素和促進膠原蛋白形成普通人群化妝品載體避免食品中營養(yǎng)素的流失；緩釋藥品有效成分特定人群食品，藥品鏡片護理液抗菌特定人群日用品皮膚病藥膏抗真菌皮膚病患者醫(yī)療食品防腐劑抗細菌普通人群食品 [1]

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