摘要：

近年來(lái), 認(rèn)知訓(xùn)練被廣泛應(yīng)用于防治和延緩老年人的認(rèn)知功能衰退。通過(guò)總結(jié)近7年(2008~2014年)關(guān)于老年人認(rèn)知功能訓(xùn)練的研究, 比較訓(xùn)練的有效性、訓(xùn)練效果的遷移和保持, 結(jié)果表明, 大部分實(shí)驗(yàn)都發(fā)現(xiàn)了積極的即時(shí)訓(xùn)練效果, 訓(xùn)練效果得到保持的研究以認(rèn)知控制和綜合認(rèn)知能力訓(xùn)練為主; 大部分的遷移都集中在與流體智力聯(lián)系較密切的認(rèn)知功能如工作記憶和注意力等上; 部分研究探索了認(rèn)知功能提升的大腦神經(jīng)可塑性基礎(chǔ)。未來(lái)研究應(yīng)進(jìn)一步將行為訓(xùn)練與神經(jīng)測(cè)量手段相結(jié)合考察訓(xùn)練效果的遷移與保持, 更加注重個(gè)體差異的影響, 并深入考察認(rèn)知訓(xùn)練對(duì)日常生活能力的遷移。

關(guān)鍵詞: 認(rèn)知干預(yù), 健康老年人, 訓(xùn)練效果, 遷移

Abstract:

Cognitive training has been widely used to delay age related cognitive decline in recent years. By collecting studies published between January 2008 and December 2014, we qualitatively examined the improvement of the performance on training tasks and the near and far transfer effects of cognitive training on healthy older adults. We found that most of the experiments revealed positive effects on training tasks. Moreover, the majority of the experiments which had reported maintenance of the training effect were based on cognitive control training or comprehensive cognitive training. Futhermore, most of the transfer effects were obtained in fluid intelligence related processes such as working memory and attention. By employing neuroimaging techniques, training related structural and functional changes were found, indicating neural plasticity mechanisms in cognitive training. Future studies should combine behavioral and neural indices to comprehensively test whether the efficacy and transfer effects of cognitive training could be applied/ transferred to daily life function in healthy older adults, and investigate the modulation or mediation effect of individual differences (e.g., trainability) on cognitive training.

Key words: cognitive training, healthy older adults, training effect, transfer effect

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