摘要：

近年來, 認知訓練被廣泛應用于防治和延緩老年人的認知功能衰退。通過總結(jié)近7年(2008~2014年)關于老年人認知功能訓練的研究, 比較訓練的有效性、訓練效果的遷移和保持, 結(jié)果表明, 大部分實驗都發(fā)現(xiàn)了積極的即時訓練效果, 訓練效果得到保持的研究以認知控制和綜合認知能力訓練為主; 大部分的遷移都集中在與流體智力聯(lián)系較密切的認知功能如工作記憶和注意力等上; 部分研究探索了認知功能提升的大腦神經(jīng)可塑性基礎。未來研究應進一步將行為訓練與神經(jīng)測量手段相結(jié)合考察訓練效果的遷移與保持, 更加注重個體差異的影響, 并深入考察認知訓練對日常生活能力的遷移。

關鍵詞: 認知干預, 健康老年人, 訓練效果, 遷移

Abstract:

Cognitive training has been widely used to delay age related cognitive decline in recent years. By collecting studies published between January 2008 and December 2014, we qualitatively examined the improvement of the performance on training tasks and the near and far transfer effects of cognitive training on healthy older adults. We found that most of the experiments revealed positive effects on training tasks. Moreover, the majority of the experiments which had reported maintenance of the training effect were based on cognitive control training or comprehensive cognitive training. Futhermore, most of the transfer effects were obtained in fluid intelligence related processes such as working memory and attention. By employing neuroimaging techniques, training related structural and functional changes were found, indicating neural plasticity mechanisms in cognitive training. Future studies should combine behavioral and neural indices to comprehensively test whether the efficacy and transfer effects of cognitive training could be applied/ transferred to daily life function in healthy older adults, and investigate the modulation or mediation effect of individual differences (e.g., trainability) on cognitive training.

Key words: cognitive training, healthy older adults, training effect, transfer effect

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