減肥自然療法

丙酮酸鹽 (Pyruvate)：丙酮酸鹽為機(jī)體提供丙酮酸，丙酮酸是一種天然化合物，在機(jī)體產(chǎn)生和利用能量方面起著重要的作用。理論上講，攝入丙酮酸鹽可能增加機(jī)體的新陳代謝，特別是脂肪代謝?？?cè)藬?shù)接近150人的一些小規(guī)模研究發(fā)現(xiàn)丙酮酸鹽或者其類似物DHAP（磷酸二羥丙酮）有助于降低體重和改善機(jī)體成分組成。比如，一項(xiàng)歷時(shí)6周的雙盲試驗(yàn)中，51人被分為三組：丙酮酸鹽組（每天6g）、安慰劑組、未治療組。所有人均參加同一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)方案。6周后研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)：丙酮酸鹽組脂肪減少了2.6kg，體脂含量下降2.6%，肌肉組織明顯增多（1.5kg），而安慰劑組和未治療組沒有明顯的變化。另一項(xiàng)有趣的安慰劑對(duì)照研究評(píng)估了DHAP對(duì)于減肥后對(duì)增加熱量攝入的控制效果。3周時(shí)間里，70名嚴(yán)重超重的女性作為住院病人被嚴(yán)格控制飲食，3周后體重下降約3.8kg。之后她們被給予了高熱量飲食。同時(shí)，其中接近一半女性每天同時(shí)服用15g丙酮酸鹽和75g磷酸二羥丙酮，而另一半同時(shí)服用安慰劑。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過三周的增重飲食后，接受治療的成員只增胖了1.8kg，而安慰劑組則增加了2.7kg。這可能是因?yàn)楸猁}能夠特異性的阻斷脂肪積累的緣故。雖然所有的這些研究結(jié)果都很令人感興趣，但是我們還需要更大規(guī)模的研究來(lái)證實(shí)丙酮酸鹽確能夠降低體重。

膳食纖維 (Fiber)：膳食纖維對(duì)于多種腸道功能（比如消化和廢物排出）十分重要，并且有輕度的降脂效果。它也可能有助于減低體重，這有可能是因?yàn)槠淠軌蚴刮柑畛?，產(chǎn)生一種飽脹感，并且只提供很少或不提供熱量。另外一個(gè)可能的原因是纖維還可能干擾脂肪的吸收。纖維有兩種類型：可溶性纖維和不可溶性纖維?？扇苄岳w維富含于亞麻籽，蘋果和燕麥麩。其他大多數(shù)的植物類食品均含有不可溶性纖維。一些雙盲研究對(duì)纖維輔食降低體重方面進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。結(jié)果略有出入，但總體上表明某些種類的纖維可以輕度的促進(jìn)體重下降。在其中的一項(xiàng)雙盲研究中，97名輕度超重的女性被給予了嚴(yán)格的低熱量飲食11周，飲食中還包含了安慰劑或一種不可溶解纖維（每天三次，每次2.3g）。結(jié)果安慰劑組平均體重降低了3.1kg，而膳食纖維組降低了近5kg。與安慰劑組相比，膳食纖維組的成員較少出現(xiàn)饑餓感。在接下來(lái)的16周時(shí)間中，他們的飲食被改為高熱量飲食。正如預(yù)期，在此期間參加者體重有所回升。雖然如此，在第16周末時(shí)，膳食纖維組仍然比試驗(yàn)開始時(shí)平均輕了3.6kg，而安慰劑組只輕了2.7kg。注意：纖維輔食必須與水一同進(jìn)食，否則其可能阻塞消化道。即使合理的服用，也可能出現(xiàn)輕微的胃腸道副作用，比如脹氣、腹脹。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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