摘要:

目的  探討青少年晚期大學(xué)生體質(zhì)指數(shù)（BMI）與健康相關(guān)體能的關(guān)系，為青少年的健康促進(jìn)提供參考依據(jù)。

方法  收集廣西師范大學(xué)2017 — 2021年30523名大一學(xué)生《國(guó)家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康測(cè)定》數(shù)據(jù)資料，分析青少年晚期大學(xué)生BMI與健康相關(guān)體能的關(guān)聯(lián)性。

結(jié)果  30523名青少年晚期大學(xué)生的平均BMI為（20.46 ± 2.89），正常體重率、低體重率、超重率和肥胖率分別為82.4%、7.5%、7.6%和2.5%；7 407名男生的平均BMI為（21.51 ± 3.47），正常體重率、低體重率、超重率和肥胖率分別為71.8%、9.1%、13.3%和5.8%；23 116名女生的平均BMI為（20.13 ± 2.59），正常體重率、低體重率、超重率和肥胖率分別為85.8%、7.0%、5.8%和1.4%。男生低體重組、超重組和肥胖組的體能指數(shù)（PFI）分別為（0.006 ± 2.719）、（– 1.823 ± 2.995）和（– 4.621 ± 3.268），均低于正常體重組PFI的（0.708 ± 2.946）（均P < 0.01）；女生超重組和肥胖組的PFI分別為（– 1.677 ± 2.944）和（– 3.787 ± 3.425），均低于正常體重組PFI的（0.177 ± 2.974）（均P < 0.01）。青少年晚期大學(xué)生PFI與體質(zhì)指數(shù)呈二次曲線關(guān)系，當(dāng)男生BMI為18.0、女生BMI為17.3時(shí)，PFI值分別為0.845和0.215，均為最大值。二分類logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示，男生低體重組、超重組和肥胖組PFI低分風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分別為正常體重組的1.82倍（OR = 1.82，95%CI = 1.49 ～ 2.22）、5.20倍（OR = 5.20，95%CI = 4.09～6.61）和16.81倍（OR = 16.81，95%CI = 9.21～ 30.68），女生低體重組、超重組和肥胖組PFI低分風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分別為正常體重組的1.21倍（OR = 1.21，95%CI = 1.07～1.36）、3.10倍（OR = 3.10，95%CI = 2.59～3.70）和8.13倍（OR = 8.13，95%CI = 4.76～13.91）。

結(jié)論  維持正常的BMI水平是保證青少年晚期大學(xué)生體能的基礎(chǔ)；體重不足或體重過重對(duì)健康相關(guān)體能均具有負(fù)面影響，其中超重和肥胖降低體能的危害更為嚴(yán)重。

Abstract:

Objective   To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and health-related physical fitness among late adolescent college students, and to provide evidence for adolescent health promotion.

Methods  The data on 30523 first-year college students of Guangxi Normal University were collected from the National Student Physical Fitness Surveillance conducted annually from 2017 to 2021 for examining the association between body mass index (BMI) and health-related physical fitness among the students.

Results   The mean BMI for all the students aged 18.3 ± 0.3 years was 20.46 ± 2.89 (21.51 ± 3.47 for 7407 males, 20.13 ± 2.59 for 23116 females). Of the male students, 71.8%, 9.1%, 13.3%, and 5.8% were assessed as having normal weight (BMI > 17.8 and < 24.0), underweight (BMI ≤ 17.8), overweight (BMI ≥ 24.0 and < 28.0), and obesity (BMI ≥ 28.0); of the female students, 85.8%, 7.0%, 5.8%, and 1.4% were having normal weight (BMI > 17.1 and < 24.0), underweight (BMI ≤ 17.1), overweight, and obesity; while for all the students, those proportions were 82.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, and 2.5%, respectively. The physical fitness index (PFI) of the male students with underweight (0.006 ± 2.719), overweight (– 1.823 ± 2.995) or obesity (– 4.621 ± 3.268) were significantly lower than that of the students with normal weight (0.708 ± 2.946) (all P < 0.01); the PFI of the female students with overweight (– 1.677 ± 2.944) or obesity (– 3.787 ± 3.425) were significantly lower than that of the students with normal weight (0.177 ± 2.974) (both P < 0.01). There exists a quadratic curve relationship between PFI and BMI for the students, with the maximum PFI values of 0.845 and 0.215 corresponding to the BMI of 18.0 and 17.3 for the male and female students. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that compared to those with normal weight, the underweight, overweight, and obese students were at an increased risk of having low PFI, with the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.82 (1.49 – 2.22), 5.20 (4.09 – 6.61), and 16.81 (9.21 – 30.68) for the males and 1.21 (1.07 – 1.36), 3.10 (2.59 – 3.70), and 8.13 (4.76 – 13.91) , respectively.

Conclusion  In late adolescent college students, maintaining a normal BMI is the basis for ensuring physical fitness; both underweight and overweight could exert an adverse effect on health-related physical fitness and the adverse effect of overweight and obesity are much stronger.

圖  1   PFI與BMI的二次曲線關(guān)系

表  1   不同BMI分組青少年晚期大學(xué)生體能指標(biāo)及PFI比較（$bar x pm s$）

性別BMI分組立定跳遠(yuǎn)(cm)坐位體前屈(cm)男引體向上(次)/
女1分鐘仰臥起坐(次)50 m跑(s)男1000 m跑(s)/女800 m跑(s)PFI 男生正常體重224.2 ± 20.314.3 ± 7.08.0 ± 5.37.5 ± 0.6244.7 ± 26.20.708 ± 2.946低體重220.7 ± 20.0 a12.4 ± 7.0 a8.3 ± 5.17.7 ± 0.6 a248.9 ± 24.7 a0.006 ± 2.719 a超重211.1 ± 19.6 a13.5 ± 7.1 a3.9 ± 4.1 a7.9 ± 0.6 a261.0 ± 31.7 a– 1.823 ± 2.995 a肥胖198.2 ± 21.1 a12.1 ± 7.0 a2.2 ± 3.8 a8.4 ± 0.8 a291.8 ± 43.0 a– 4.621 ± 3.268 aF 值300.7526.78325.295272.48431.42577.56P 值< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001女生正常體重167.3 ± 15.917.8 ± 6.032.8 ± 7.99.3 ± 0.7236.3 ± 23.70.177 ± 2.974低體重169.0 ± 15.816.3 ± 6.3 a32.0 ± 7.9 a9.2 ± 0.7236.2 ± 26.0– 0.014 ± 2.917超重159.3 ± 16.5 a17.3 ± 5.8 a31.4 ± 7.4 a9.7 ± 0.8 a250.0 ± 28.3 a– 1.677 ± 2.944 a肥胖155.1 ± 17.5 a16.0 ± 5.9 a29.3 ± 7.5 a10.1 ± 0.9 a271.5 ± 36.8 a– 3.787 ± 3.425 aF 值174.5341.0237.77247.08349.37342.95P 值< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001 　　注：a 與正常體重組比較，P < 0.01。 [1]

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