圖  1   基于“陰陽平衡，水陸互補(bǔ)”水產(chǎn)品營養(yǎng)健康功效示意圖

Figure  1.   Illustrations of the nutritional and health benefits of aquatic products based on "the resource complementation of water and land, a balance of Yin and Yang"

圖  2   常見畜禽類與水產(chǎn)類食品的脂肪酸組成比例[27, 28-34]

Figure  2.   Comparison of fat composition ratio between common livestock and aquatic animal food[27, 28-34]

圖  3   水產(chǎn)品中生物活性物質(zhì)的健康功效

Figure  3.   Health effects of bioactive substances in aquatic products

表  1   常見水產(chǎn)品的氨基酸組成比例

Table  1   Ratio of amino acids composition of some aquatic products %

水產(chǎn)品
aquatic productsEAA/TAAEAA/NEAAFAA/TAA參考文獻(xiàn)
references 太平洋磷蝦　Euphausia pacifica 46.04 85.31 34.25 [17] 南極磷蝦　Euphausia superb 43.96 78.28 35.45 [17] 中國明對蝦　Fenneropenaeus chinensis 45.29 82.80 33.41 [17] 鯽　Carassius auratus 41.41 70.64 39.15 [14] 花鱸　Lateolabrax japonicus 42.33 73.41 38.43 [14] 沼蝦　Macrobrachium 39.15 64.35 38.20 [14] 克氏原螯蝦　Procambarus clarkii 39.96 66.56 39.68 [14] 鱖　Siniperca chuatsi 40.79 68.88 38.13 [14] 日本對蝦　Penaeus japonicas 38.79 63.38 45.14 [14] 刀額新對蝦　Metapenaeus ensis 37.26 59.40 41.60 [14] 中華絨螯蟹(蟹肉)　Eriocheir sinensis (meat) 38.12 61.60 38.47 [14] 海參　Holothuroidea 33.92 51.48 58.50 [18] 注：EAA為必需氨基酸；TAA為總氨基酸；NEAA為非必需氨基酸；FAA為風(fēng)味氨基酸
Notes: EAA. essential amino acid; TAA. total amino acid; NEAA. non essential amino acid; FAA. flavor amino acid

表  2   水產(chǎn)品的抗癌、防癌功效

Table  2   Efficacy of aquatic products against cancer

目標(biāo)物
objective來源
source作用
efficacy參考文獻(xiàn)
references 條斑紫菜多糖
P. yezoensis polysaccharide 條斑紫菜
P. yezoensis 抑制肝癌細(xì)胞Bel7402增長，誘導(dǎo)癌細(xì)胞凋亡
it had anti-tumor effect on Bel7402 cells and could induce apoptosis of Bel7402 cells probably through activating survivin gene expression and inhibiting bax gene expression [64] 鮑魚副產(chǎn)物肽BABP
boiled abalone byproduct peptide 鮑
abalone 抑制癌細(xì)胞增生，降低HT1080細(xì)胞和HUVECs的遷移和侵襲能力
BABP treatment significantly lowers migration and the invasion of HT1080 cells and HUVECs [65] Zn — 維持細(xì)胞氧化還原狀態(tài)的抗氧化劑及鋅穩(wěn)態(tài)的抑癌機(jī)制
the regulation of OS and the maintenance of genomic stability [66] Se — 作為GPx、硒蛋白P和TRXR的重要輔助因子，是清除自由基和維持氧化還原平衡所必需的
as an important cofactor of GPx, selenoprotein P and TrxR, it is necessary for scavenging free radicals and maintaining redox state balance [66] 藻藍(lán)蛋白
phycobiliprotein 紅藻、藍(lán)藻等
red algae, blue algae, etc. 降低脂質(zhì)過氧化物丙二醛(MDA)的水平，增強(qiáng)抗氧化酶的活性
it significantly reduced the level of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes [67] 硫酸多糖
sulfated polysaccharide 褐藻
brown algae 對人結(jié)腸癌DLD-1、乳腺癌T-47D和黑色素瘤 RPMI-7951細(xì)胞系均有不同的抑制作用
different species of brown algae showed selective anti-tumour activity against different types of cancer, including human colon cancer DLD-1, breast cancer T-47D, and melanoma RPMI-7951 cell [68] 巖藻多糖
fucoidan 波利團(tuán)扇藻
Padina boryana 改性后的巖藻多糖片段對人結(jié)直腸腺癌上皮細(xì)胞(DLD-1)和人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞(HCT-116)實現(xiàn)抑制作用
the modified polysaccharide fragment showed inhibitory effects on the colorectal carcinoma cells DLD-1 and HCT-116 [69] 蝦青素
astaxanthin 蝦
shrimp 抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長，刺激免疫系統(tǒng)抵抗腫瘤細(xì)胞抗體
it inhibits the growth of tumor cell and stimulates the immune system against tumor cell antibodies [70] [1]

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