INTP Personality Type: Thinker & Seeker

INTP人格類(lèi)型：思考者和探索者

The INTP personality type is the most independent and philosophical of the 16 types. INTPs have a deep need for personal autonomy and independence of thought. While they may not discover their intellectual side quite as early as an INTJ might, once their auxiliary function, Extraverted Intuition (Ne), has been fully awakened, they display an insatiable appetite for ideation and theorizing. Many enjoy exploring unifying theories and metaphysical truths that explain the underlying nature of things. Toward this end, they may devour stacks of books on philosophy, religion, psychology, evolutionary theory, and the like.

INTP型是所有人格中獨(dú)立且最具哲理性的人格型。

INTP極為追求“個(gè)人的自主性”和“思考的獨(dú)立性”，盡管他們沒(méi)有INTJ在智力方面那么早的覺(jué)察力，但一旦他們的輔助功能——外向直覺(jué)(Ne)被喚醒，就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出對(duì)思維結(jié)構(gòu)和理論知識(shí)的無(wú)窮興趣。

很多INTP都喜歡探究那些可以解釋事物本質(zhì)的大一統(tǒng)理論和形而上的哲學(xué)，為此，他們會(huì)大量地閱讀哲學(xué)、宗教、心理學(xué)、進(jìn)化論等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的書(shū)籍。

When vacationing from their philosophical investigations, the INTP, like their ENTP counterparts, can be quirky, witty, and engaging. Since INTPs extravert Intuition (Ne) and Feeling (Fe), they can have a certain charm, approachability, and congeniality about them. When discussing a topic that interests them, they can be stimulating conversationalists, as their ever active minds can easily connect one topic to another, paving the way for a multifaceted and broad-ranging dialogue. If disinterested however, such as when forced to endure protracted small talk, they will quickly zone out or find a way of redirecting the conversation. Despite appearing outwardly genuine and personable, INTPs are more interested in discussing ideas than the commonplace details of people’s lives. They enjoy discovering what makes people tick—their motivations, interests, patterns, and propensities. This allows INTPs to further hone and refine their theories (Ti-Ne) of human nature (Fe).

當(dāng)INTP從哲學(xué)研究中抽離出來(lái)時(shí)，正如他們ENTP的同伴一樣，INTP也可以是古靈精怪、充滿魅力的。由于INTP的直覺(jué)(Ne)與情感(Fe)都是外向型功能，通常情況下他們都能展現(xiàn)出一定的親和力與魅力。

當(dāng)談到感興趣的話題時(shí)，INTP會(huì)變得健談，他們思維活躍能輕而易舉地將一個(gè)個(gè)話題串聯(lián)起來(lái)，往往能展開(kāi)非常廣泛而多元的對(duì)話。

但如果是他們不感興趣的話題，比如被迫忍受冗長(zhǎng)的閑談時(shí)，他們會(huì)瞬間放空，或者試圖將話題重新引導(dǎo)回來(lái)。盡管他們表面看上去真誠(chéng)而富有風(fēng)度，但I(xiàn)NTP其實(shí)更感興趣討論內(nèi)在的思想，而并不是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的細(xì)節(jié)。

他們喜歡去探究是什么促使人們感興趣的——人們的動(dòng)機(jī)、興趣點(diǎn)、行為模式和偏好傾向，這讓INTP能夠進(jìn)一步完善他們對(duì)于人性(Fe)的認(rèn)知(Ti-Ne)。

Like other introverts, INTPs can be anxious and self-conscious characters. It is not uncommon for them to display a handful of nervous habits, or at least some sign that they are not at ease. They generally avoid direct eye contact, as though the gaze of their interlocutor may somehow harm them or render them incapable of thinking or communicating. INTPs often have enough insecurity about the discombobulated nature of their Ne expressions in the first place.

Feeling that someone else is watching or critiquing them only makes it worse. Like the INFP, INTPs can be slow to disclose the contents of their inner world. As strange as it may seem to other types, INTPs often conceal some of their most dominant personality features, namely, their highly cerebral and rational side. It may only be a select few who are granted full access to this side of the INTP. Others may only encounter INTPs’ inner world through encounters with their work, such as by reading something they have written. This may explain why many INTPs often take interest in writing, which provides an excellent forum for expressing themselves more fully and precisely.

和其他內(nèi)向型人格一樣，INTP也容易過(guò)度焦慮和自我知覺(jué)。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，表現(xiàn)出一些很緊張的特征并不稀奇，或者至少都能感覺(jué)到他們有些不自在。他們通常會(huì)避免直接的眼神接觸，因?yàn)榻徽務(wù)邔?zhuān)注的目光可能會(huì)使他們無(wú)法繼續(xù)思考與交流。

這是因?yàn)閯傞_(kāi)始的時(shí)候，INTP都容易對(duì)他們混亂的Ne表達(dá)方式有很強(qiáng)的不安全感，如果感覺(jué)到別人在關(guān)注他們或者質(zhì)疑他們，那只會(huì)讓狀況更糟糕。

與INFP一樣，INTP也需要慢慢地去呈現(xiàn)自己的內(nèi)心世界。但相比之下，INTP比較奇怪的一點(diǎn)是，他們通常會(huì)隱藏起部分人格，具體來(lái)說(shuō)，就是他們極度理性清醒的那一面。

只有極少數(shù)人能完全走進(jìn)INTP的世界，而其他的大部分人也許只能通過(guò)接觸他們的作品來(lái)與他們的內(nèi)心世界有一個(gè)短暫的邂逅。這也能解釋為什么很多INTP都對(duì)寫(xiě)作感興趣，這為他們更充分、更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)自己提供了很好的途徑。

Because of their reluctance to freely display the rational dimension of their personality, as well as the scattered nature of their Ne expressions, INTPs often feel their true level of knowledge and competence goes unnoticed by others. This is especially common in the workplace, where their lack of enthusiasm for organizational life, combined with their quirky outward demeanor, may be mistaken for incompetence. As discussed in my post on INTP careers, they can struggle to find satisfying jobs within the system and are often happier functioning as freelancers or entrepreneurs.

由于INTP并不愿意大膽地展示他們個(gè)性中理性的部分，也由于他們Ne功能表達(dá)散亂的天性，INTP常常會(huì)覺(jué)得自己真實(shí)的知識(shí)水平與能力被忽視了。

這種情況在工作場(chǎng)合中尤其常見(jiàn)，因?yàn)樗麄兺ǔ?duì)組織生活缺乏熱情，再加上一些稍顯古怪的舉止，就可能會(huì)被誤認(rèn)為是“力不勝任”的。正如我之前在INTP的職業(yè)生涯中所討論的那樣，他們往往很難在體制內(nèi)找到滿意的工作，做一個(gè)自由職業(yè)者或者企業(yè)家反而會(huì)比較開(kāi)心。

When it comes to relationships, INTPs can also have a rough go of things (see my INTP relationships page). While they can use their Ne and Fe to attract potential mates, their internal tug-of-war between Ti and Fe, between their independence (Ti) and the relationship (Fe), can inspire myriad problems. This will be elaborated later in this profile in our section on Fe.

而在親密關(guān)系上，INTP也往往遇到一些困難。盡管他們可以利用自己外向直覺(jué)(Ne)和外向情感(Fe)功能來(lái)吸引潛在配偶，但在他們的內(nèi)向思考(Ti)和外向情感(Fe)功能往往在暗中角力——這是獨(dú)立性(Ti)與依賴(lài)感(Fe)之間的角力，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多問(wèn)題，這將在后面外向情感(Fe)的相關(guān)章節(jié)中詳述。

INTP Personality Type Development & “Functional Stack”

INTP的人格發(fā)展與功能類(lèi)型

Each personality type prefers four of the eight functions first described by Jung. These four functions make up the “functional stack.” The relative strength of preference for these four functions is expressed in the following manner: dominant, auxiliary, tertiary, inferior. INTPs’ first preference is Ti, followed by Ne, Si and Fe respectively. This is depicted in the arrangement of INTPs’ functional stack:

每種人格型都傾向于使用榮格所描述的八種功能中的四種。這四個(gè)功能組成了一種“人格”的“功能類(lèi)型”。這四個(gè)功能的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度以下列方式排序：主導(dǎo)功能、輔助功能、第三功能和第四功能。INTP的主導(dǎo)功能是Ti功能，其次是Ne功能，Si 功能和Fe功能。以下是具體描述：

INTPs’ Functional Stack

INTP的功能類(lèi)型

Dominant function: Introverted Thinking (Ti)——主導(dǎo)功能：內(nèi)向思考Ti

Auxiliary function: Extraverted Intuition (Ne)——輔助功能：外向直覺(jué)Ne

Tertiary function: Introverted Sensing (Si)——第三功能：內(nèi)向感覺(jué)Si

Inferior function: Extraverted Feeling (Fe)——第四功能：外向情感Fe

While we will soon discuss each of the above functions in greater depth, for now, we will turn our attention to another feature of INTPs’ personality, their type development. As is true for other types, their type development consists of three primary phases.

雖然我們很快就會(huì)開(kāi)始深入地討論每一個(gè)功能，但是現(xiàn)在，我們先轉(zhuǎn)向INTP的人格發(fā)展。正如所有人格型一樣，INTP的人格發(fā)展包括了三個(gè)階段。

Phase I (Childhood)

階段一（孩童期）

This phase is characterized by the emergence and differentiation of INTPs’ dominant function, Introverted Thinking (Ti). Early in life, INTPs often employ their Ti to focus on one or two pursuits. They may, for instance, use it to master video games, program computers, get good grades, or perfect their 5 K time. Since Ti is a Judging function, INTPs often take themselves and their lives rather seriously. Even from a relatively young age, they are self-motivated and goal-oriented, striving for excellence in whatever captures their interests.

這一階段是INTP的主導(dǎo)功能——內(nèi)向思考(Ti)逐漸出現(xiàn)并顯著化的過(guò)程。早年時(shí)，INTP通常會(huì)將他們的內(nèi)向思考(Ti)功能專(zhuān)注在一兩個(gè)目標(biāo)上。例如，玩電子游戲、設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)程序、獲得一個(gè)好成績(jī)，或者盡可能地縮短5千英里跑步時(shí)間。

由于主導(dǎo)功能Ti是一個(gè)判斷功能，INTP對(duì)待人生與生活的態(tài)度通常都是很?chē)?yán)肅的，即使是在年輕時(shí)代，他們也會(huì)表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的自我驅(qū)動(dòng)與目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向性，在任何他們感興趣的領(lǐng)域都會(huì)力爭(zhēng)優(yōu)秀。

Phase II (Adolescence-30s)

階段二（青少年期－30s）

Once their dominant Ti reaches a certain level of consciousness and differentiation, INTPs’ inferior function, Extraverted Feeling (Fe), enters the picture and begins to play a more influential role. Phase II INTPs also show increasing use and development of their auxiliary function, Extraverted Intuition (Ne). During this phase, INTPs often develop a stronger interest in intellectual and philosophical endeavors, poised to see and understand “the big picture.” Developing their Ne involves an opening of prior judgments to allow an influx of new information. But since Ne is extraverted and expansive, INTPs must explore a breadth of ideas before they feel confident about who they are and what they believe. Thus, Phase II INTPs may find it easier to identify what they don’t believe than what they do believe. Some may struggle with nihilism or cynicism, worried that they may never find absolute truth. It can therefore take INTPs a great deal of time, even decades, to discern what they believe about the world, themselves, and their place in the world.

當(dāng)INTP的主導(dǎo)功能Ti發(fā)展到一定階段，他們的第四功能外向情感(Fe)便會(huì)開(kāi)始進(jìn)入INTP的視線，并逐漸扮演起更有影響力的角色。同時(shí)INTP也會(huì)更高頻地開(kāi)發(fā)和使用他們的輔助功能——外向直覺(jué)(Ne)。

在這一階段，INTP往往會(huì)開(kāi)始對(duì)知識(shí)和哲學(xué)產(chǎn)生更大的興趣，并嘗試去理解“大一統(tǒng)的圖景”。通過(guò)進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)他們的輔助功能外向直覺(jué)(Ne)，INTP可以為他們的主導(dǎo)功能Ti在判斷之前引入大量開(kāi)闊的信息。

但也由于Ne功能是一個(gè)外向型的、極具開(kāi)放性的功能，這要求INTP在得出強(qiáng)有力的觀點(diǎn)與信仰之前先探索一大堆新奇的想法，處于這一階段的INTP可能會(huì)因此而變得不大敢相信任何事物，甚至有些人可能陷入到認(rèn)知論上的虛無(wú)主義或犬儒主義，會(huì)懷疑他們也許終其一生都尋不到世界的絕對(duì)真理。

以此為契機(jī)，INTP可能將花費(fèi)長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾十年的時(shí)間去了解他們自己、了解他們所處的世界、以及他們?cè)谶@個(gè)世界的位置。

Phase III (30s, 40s, & Beyond)

階段三（30s，40s，及以后）

If all goes well and they are fortunate enough to enter Phase III, INTPs experience greater balance between their dominant Ti and inferior Fe functions. They discover that growth and integration takes place rather naturally as they learn to effectively and consistently employ their type’s strengths (i.e.their Ti and Ne).

如果能一切順利并幸運(yùn)地進(jìn)入到人格發(fā)展的第三階段，INTP將在其主導(dǎo)功能內(nèi)向思考(Ti)和第四功能外向情感(Fe)之間感受到一種更好的平衡。他們會(huì)意識(shí)到原來(lái)當(dāng)他們持續(xù)而有效地使用著自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)功能（如Ti和Ne）時(shí)，成長(zhǎng)與整合已經(jīng)在自然而然地發(fā)生了。

INTPs’ Dominant Function: Introverted Thinking (Ti)

INTP的主導(dǎo)功能：內(nèi)向思考(Ti)

As enumerated in both of my INTP books, Introverted Thinking involves the application of logic and reason for the sake of understanding a given situation, system, or problem. INTPs use Ti to bring structure and order to their inner world, granting them a strong sense of inner control. Inwardly, INTPs are highly self-disciplined, working to effectively manage their thoughts and their lives. The disciplined nature of their Ti compels INTPs to frame many things as a goal or challenge. These challenges may be physical (e.g., trying to achieve an ideal state of health or fitness), intellectual, practical, psychoemotional (e.g., becoming self-actualized), or later in their development, interpersonal (e.g., “perfecting” a relationship or becoming a skilled lover). In order to succeed in these personal challenges, INTPs are apt to impose rules on themselves. However, because of the wayward influence of their auxiliary Ne, they commonly end up breaking or sabotaging them.

正如我在關(guān)于INTP的兩本書(shū)中所提到的那樣，內(nèi)向思考(Ti)功能是指在面對(duì)任何情境、系統(tǒng)和問(wèn)題時(shí)，運(yùn)用邏輯與理性去處理。

INTP通過(guò)Ti功能構(gòu)建自己內(nèi)心世界的結(jié)構(gòu)與秩序，從來(lái)得到一種強(qiáng)烈的自我控制感。在內(nèi)心深處，INTP是高度自律的，能夠高效地管理自己的思想與生活。

Ti功能自律的天性使得他們將很多事情都視為一個(gè)目標(biāo)或者挑戰(zhàn)，這些挑戰(zhàn)可能是身體上的（比如想達(dá)到一種身體健美的理想狀態(tài)），也可能是智力上的、實(shí)踐中的、心理需求方面的（比如自我價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn))，又或者是成長(zhǎng)后期的人際關(guān)系需要（比如“完善”一段關(guān)系或成為一個(gè)很棒的伴侶）。

為了在這些形形色色的挑戰(zhàn)中獲得成功，INTP傾向于給自己設(shè)置各種規(guī)則，然而，由于他們輔助功能——外向直覺(jué)(Ne)的粗暴影響，這些規(guī)則又通常會(huì)被破壞掉。

INTPs are also less interested in working with facts than with ideas. Jung writes: “His ideas have their origin not in objective data, but in his subjective foundation.” INTPs are constantly digging into the background of their own thoughts in order to better understand their origins and to ensure their thinking is founded on solid reasoning. They see it pointless to try to build theories on a dubious conceptual platform, making them slower than Te types to rush into experiments to discover more “facts.”

INTP通常對(duì)“想法”更感興趣，而不是具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。榮格曾寫(xiě)道：“他的想法并不來(lái)源于客觀資料，而來(lái)自于他的主觀基礎(chǔ)”。為了更好地理解自己思想的起源，同時(shí)也確保自己的思維是建立在堅(jiān)實(shí)的理性推理之上的，INTP會(huì)不斷地挖掘自己思想的底層根源。

他們通常認(rèn)為如果底層的概念是可疑的，那么在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建的理論也將毫無(wú)意義，因此與外向思考(Te)型人格相比，他們（Ti型人格）通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)“真相”的速度就要慢得多。

INTPs often find it easier to identify inconsistencies or logical shortcomings—to assert what is not true—than to identify and confidently assert what is true. They can quickly locate inconsistencies or logical shortcomings in a given theory or argument. They excel when it comes to identifying exceptions or imagining scenarios in which the proposed explanation could breakdown. Due to their sensitivity to theoretical exceptions, they can be quick to throw theories and start from scratch. INTJs, by contrast, seem less deterred by ostensible exceptions, perhaps feeling that they will eventually be explained or otherwise rectified.

INTP通常發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，識(shí)別“不一致”或者“邏輯缺陷”——即斷言什么錯(cuò)的，要比去斷言什么是對(duì)的容易得多。

他們可以很快的在給出的理論或論述中發(fā)現(xiàn)“不一致性”或者“邏輯缺陷”。在鑒別異常情況、或者預(yù)測(cè)可能導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)崩潰的場(chǎng)景時(shí)，他們往往比其他人都要出色。

由于對(duì)理論異常情況的敏感性，他們通常能很快地放棄某個(gè)理論并且從頭開(kāi)始。而相比之下，INTJ就不太容易被一些理論上的異常情況所影響，他們總覺(jué)得這些異常最終會(huì)被解釋或者修正。

When functioning constructively, INTPs, like INFPs, often employ a trial-and-error sort of approach to building their theories and ideas. INTPs start with a given (Ti) and then use their auxiliary Ne to explore various connections and possibilities. They also integrate past experiences and acquired knowledge through their tertiary Si. It is usually only after years of toying with ideas that something resembling a systematic and coherent theory may start to emerge.

當(dāng)開(kāi)展建設(shè)性工作時(shí)，INTP會(huì)和INFP一樣，采取不斷“試錯(cuò)”的方法來(lái)構(gòu)建他們的理論和觀點(diǎn)。

INTP通常會(huì)從一個(gè)給定的想法(Ti)開(kāi)始，然后運(yùn)用他們的輔助功能Ne去探索各種各樣的關(guān)聯(lián)度與可能性，同時(shí)他們也會(huì)整合一些過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和他們通過(guò)第三功能Si所獲取的后天知識(shí)。

通常他們要經(jīng)過(guò)很多年的反復(fù)思考與重構(gòu)后，才會(huì)誕生出系統(tǒng)性的、具有一致性的理論體系。

INTPs’ Auxiliary Function: Extraverted Intuition (Ne)

INTP的輔助功能：外向直覺(jué)(Ne)

INTPs use Extraverted Intuition (Ne) as their auxiliary function. Ne can function either perceptively or expressively. The verbal expression of Ne amounts to something like “brainstorming aloud.” When orating, INTPs may not always seem to “have a point” as they haphazardly drift from one idea to the next. Even ideas that seem inwardly logical and sensible INTPs may suddenly sound incoherent when they attempt to convey them through their Ne.

INTP的輔助功能是外向直覺(jué)(Ne) ，Ne既是一種感知功能，也是一種對(duì)外表達(dá)的功能。它的字面理解就是“說(shuō)出口的頭腦風(fēng)暴”。

在演講時(shí)，INTP的表達(dá)似乎總是缺少一個(gè)主題，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)隨意地從一個(gè)想法跳轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)想法，即使是那些有著很強(qiáng)內(nèi)在邏輯與規(guī)律的觀點(diǎn)，一旦經(jīng)由他們的Ne功能表達(dá)出來(lái)，也會(huì)瞬間變得支離破碎。

In its receptive role, Ne prompts INTPs to gather information. Ne does not merely gather sensory information as Se does. Rather, it goes beyond or looks behind sense data, allowing INTPs to discern otherwise hidden patterns, possibilities, and potentials. Their Ne is constantly scanning for relationships or patterns within a pool of facts, ideas or experiences. INTPs commonly use this receptive side of their Ne in activities such as reading, researching, and conversation. They enjoy asking questions that allow them to gain insight or knowledge from others, making INTPs good facilitators of conversation.

在“感知功能”的那一面，Ne能夠幫助INTP采集外界信息，但Ne又并不像Se那樣只是收集一些感官資料，它能超越那些感官數(shù)據(jù)或者看到其背后所隱藏的信息，從而使INTP能更為深度地識(shí)別出隱藏的模式、可能性和發(fā)展?jié)摿Α?/p>

INTP會(huì)運(yùn)用Ne功能在廣泛的事實(shí)、想法或經(jīng)驗(yàn)池中去探尋彼此之間的關(guān)系與模式，他們同樣也會(huì)將Ne功能運(yùn)用在閱讀、研究和一些交談活動(dòng)中。

INTP很喜歡問(wèn)問(wèn)題，他們能因此從別人身上獲得新的知識(shí)與洞察，而這也使得INTP能成為活躍的交談?wù)摺?/strong>

INTPs may also use their Ne to sniff out intriguing possibilities. They commonly enjoy and assume the role of wanderer or seeker, rarely knowing in advance exactly what they are seeking.

INTP也同樣會(huì)使用他們的Ne功能去發(fā)覺(jué)一些有意思的可能性。他們通常很喜歡去設(shè)想自己是俠士或者尋找者的角色，盡管他們通常很少知道自己到底在尋找什么。

Ne also confers an open-mindedness, helping INTPs see truth on both sides of an issue without forming unwarranted judgments or premature conclusions. More specifically, their Ne can be seen as contributing to their openness to alternative or Bohemian lifestyles. INTPs are those most likely to suddenly become vegetarians, join a commune, or decide to live out of the back of a van. They are drawn to the idea and challenges of an unconventional lifestyle.

Ne功能還會(huì)讓人視野開(kāi)闊，幫助INTP看到事物的兩面性，而不會(huì)僅僅依賴(lài)一些毫無(wú)根據(jù)的判斷或者先入為主的印象。更具體地說(shuō)，Ne功能可能會(huì)使INTP投向一種更另類(lèi)的、波西米亞式的生活方式。

INTP是那些最有可能突然變成一個(gè)素食者、加入一個(gè)公社、或者從此以車(chē)為家的人。他們會(huì)被那些非傳統(tǒng)的生活方式所吸引。

Like other NPs, INTPs often have a love-hate relationship with their Ne. They love the fact that it helps them remain open-minded and grasp the bigger picture. But living with Ne also has its challenges. For one, it can make it difficult for INTPs to arrive at firm conclusions or make important decisions. It often seems that at the very moment they are feeling good about a given conclusion or decision, their Ne steps in and causes them to start doubting it again. This has obvious implications for INTPs who are trying to find their niche in the world. This can leave them feeling discouraged and restless, worried that they may never find what they are looking for. They may feel frustrated by their seeming lack of progress toward anything substantial. The fact is that INTPs desperately want to produce something of lasting worth or value, but they also want to ensure they get it right. They don’t want to leave any stone unturned before arriving at a conclusion. While INTPs typically enjoy this quest for truth, there comes a point when they begin to feel the pressures of life impinging on them. Questions about careers and relationships loom large as they enter their late twenties and thirties. This can be frustrating to INTPs as they feel like life is requiring them to make decisions long before they are ready. As is true of all IN types, they feel that life would be far better if they weren’t forced to consider practical concerns.

和其他所有NP型人格一樣，INTP也常常對(duì)他們的Ne功能愛(ài)恨交加，他們的確喜歡Ne功能幫助他們保持開(kāi)放的心態(tài)，把握那些更宏觀的圖景，但Ne功能也同樣給他們帶來(lái)了不小的挑戰(zhàn)。

比如說(shuō)，它可能會(huì)使INTP難以得出明確的結(jié)論或做下重要的決定。通常情況是，當(dāng)某些關(guān)頭他們的確對(duì)某個(gè)確定的結(jié)論或決定感到滿意時(shí)，他們的Ne功能又會(huì)跳出來(lái)質(zhì)疑，并讓他們對(duì)結(jié)論產(chǎn)生懷疑。

這對(duì)于迫切想在這個(gè)世界上找到自己位置的INTP來(lái)說(shuō)的確是很大的困擾，會(huì)使他們感到沮喪和不安，擔(dān)心自己永遠(yuǎn)都找不到想要的東西，他們也會(huì)對(duì)自己似乎永遠(yuǎn)都沒(méi)有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展而感到沮喪。

事實(shí)上，INTP非常想創(chuàng)造一些真正具有長(zhǎng)期價(jià)值的東西，但他們同時(shí)也想確認(rèn)自己所堅(jiān)持的方向是正確的，為了到達(dá)目的地，他們往往不留余力。

然而，即便INTP確實(shí)很享受追求真理的過(guò)程，但他們終將會(huì)進(jìn)入到人生的某個(gè)階段，開(kāi)始感受到現(xiàn)實(shí)壓力對(duì)他們所產(chǎn)生的影響。

當(dāng)他們進(jìn)入到20s、30s的時(shí)候，職場(chǎng)與人際關(guān)系中面臨的問(wèn)題將越來(lái)越多。他們常常覺(jué)得自己分明還沒(méi)有做好準(zhǔn)備，生活卻已經(jīng)開(kāi)始強(qiáng)迫他們做出選擇。

正如所有IN人格型那樣，他們總在想，如果能不考慮那些現(xiàn)實(shí)層面的問(wèn)題，生活該多美好啊！

INTPs’ Tertiary Function: Introverted Sensing (Si)

INTP的第三功能：內(nèi)向感覺(jué)(Si)

Unlike Ne (or Se), INTPs’ tertiary function, Introverted Sensing (Si), is a conservative function. It involves an attachment to past experiences and past precedent—to the routine, familiar, and predictable. Types with Si in their functional stack, including INTPs, tend to eat a fairly routine or consistent diet,“eating to live” rather than “l(fā)iving to eat.”Si types are not only conservative with regard to their diet, but with respect to the material world in general. They tend to be savers rather than spenders, seeing excessive material consumption as unnecessary, or perhaps even immoral.

與Ne(或Se)不同，INTP的第三功能——內(nèi)向感覺(jué)(Si)是一個(gè)保守型的功能，它指向?qū)^(guò)往經(jīng)歷與歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的聯(lián)結(jié)——日常性的、有熟悉感的、可預(yù)測(cè)性的。

功能類(lèi)型中有Si的人格型，包括INTP在內(nèi)，都傾向于長(zhǎng)期保持一個(gè)常規(guī)不變的飲食習(xí)慣，對(duì)他們而言，“吃只是為了滿足生存所需”，而不是說(shuō)“活著就是為了吃得好”。

Si人格型并不僅僅只在飲食方面是常規(guī)保守的，整個(gè)物質(zhì)世界對(duì)他們而言基本都是如此，他們往往是存錢(qián)的人，而不是大手大腳花錢(qián)的人，他們認(rèn)為過(guò)度的物質(zhì)消費(fèi)是沒(méi)有必要的，甚至是不道德的。

Like other Si types, INTPs also have a diminished need for novel physical pleasures, lavish surroundings, or material comforts. They are minimalists to the core, relatively unconcerned with their physical surroundings.

與其他Si型一樣，INTP對(duì)身體愉悅感、奢侈的環(huán)境或物質(zhì)享受的需求非常有限，他們是非常本質(zhì)的極簡(jiǎn)主義者，并不關(guān)心身處的物質(zhì)環(huán)境。

An often overlooked role of Si is its perception of internal bodily sensations—the body as felt and experienced from within. Perhaps more than any other function, it provides access to the raw and basic sense of “being” that exists apart from thought or outward stimuli. Historically, Eastern philosophical and religious traditions have done a much better job exploring this dimension than those of the West. This feature of Si is brought to the fore during activities requiring close attention to one’s internal bodily state, such as yoga, Tai-Chi, meditation, or various relaxation techniques. INTPs interested in exploring this element of Si may find great delight and benefit from these sorts of practices. They are especially useful in developing the body awareness necessary to relax and control anxiety.

Si一個(gè)最被忽視的特征是它的“知覺(jué)性”和“對(duì)身體內(nèi)在的感知”——從內(nèi)在感受身體狀況。比起其他的心理功能，Si為我們提供了那些“除了思想和外在刺激”以外的最基本的“存在”感。

歷史上，東方哲學(xué)和宗教傳統(tǒng)在探索人類(lèi)經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面比西方國(guó)家做得更好。在那些直接關(guān)注自己身體狀態(tài)的活動(dòng)中，比如瑜伽、太極、冥想或其他各種放松技巧，Si的功能都會(huì)變得更加明顯。

INTP如果有興趣探索他們的Si功能，將會(huì)從這些實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中獲得極大的樂(lè)趣，并從中受益。這些活動(dòng)將能有效地培養(yǎng)起“帶來(lái)放松感與降低焦慮度”的身體覺(jué)察。

INTPs’ Inferior Function: Extraverted Feeling (Fe)

INTP的第四功能：外向情感(Fe)

INTPs use Extraverted Feeling (Fe) as their inferior function. Because it is in the inferior position, their Fe is often more sensitive and less resilient than Fe is for FJ types. This can make INTPs highly uncomfortable in emotional situations, especially those involving potential conflict or disharmony.

INTP的第四功能是外向情感(Fe)，由于它處于較后的位置，所以INTP的Fe功能通常會(huì)比FJ型人格的Fe功能更加敏感、也更缺乏彈性。這可能會(huì)使INTP的情緒狀態(tài)非常不舒服，尤其是處在一些潛在沖突或不和諧的狀況中時(shí)。

Because of their Fe’s concern for maintaining external harmony (or what may be better understood as its discomfort with disharmony), INTPs may abstain from expressing their judgments in order to avoid unsettling others. While not as overtly warm or effusive as FJ types, INTPs can be sensitive to others’ feelings and may go out of their way to avoid hurting or offending them. For instance, in the midst of a discussion, an INTP may want to explain how human mating practices are primarily a product of evolutionary pressures. But if he suspects that others may take offense to such an explanation, he may withhold it to avoid introducing disharmony.

由于他們的Fe功能非常注重維持外部環(huán)境的和諧（或者可以理解為它們對(duì)于“不和諧”的強(qiáng)烈敏感與不安），INTP可能會(huì)為了防止沖突，而放棄表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。盡管他們并不像FJ型人格那樣看上去又暖又熱情，但實(shí)際上INTP對(duì)他人的感受非常敏感，會(huì)特意避免傷害或冒犯到別人。

例如，在集體討論時(shí)，一個(gè)INTP可能想要表達(dá)人類(lèi)的交配行為主要是進(jìn)化壓力的產(chǎn)物，但如果他感覺(jué)到可能有人會(huì)對(duì)此觀點(diǎn)感覺(jué)到冒犯，那就會(huì)選擇保留觀點(diǎn)以避免不和諧。

Although functioning as superficial peacemakers, INTPs are generally slower to go out of their way to help others (at least in direct, hands-on ways). Especially early in their development, most forgo community service and avoid investing extensive time and energy helping others. This is particularly evident when under stress. If burdened by too many external pressures or demands, INTPs’ willingness to help others is one of the first things to go.

Fe功能對(duì)外表現(xiàn)為調(diào)停者，但由于INTP的Fe排在很后面，因此總體來(lái)說(shuō)INTP對(duì)于幫助他人通常都會(huì)反應(yīng)很慢（至少對(duì)于那些直接的、需要親自上手的事情是如此）。

尤其在發(fā)展早期，他們大多拒絕參加社區(qū)類(lèi)服務(wù)，也避免投入大量時(shí)間和精力去幫助別人，處在壓力狀況下尤甚。但如果遭受了過(guò)多的外部壓力或期待，INTP也會(huì)把幫助他人當(dāng)作首要任務(wù)之一。

In short, INTPs’ Fe is more concerned with preserving harmony than it is with extensive helping. This is especially true early in life, when they have yet to achieve their Ti goals. Once those goals have been satisfactorily met, however, they may become more benevolent. We can see this with Einstein, for instance, who displayed increasing beneficence and generosity toward people in the second half of his life.

簡(jiǎn)而言之，INTP的Fe功能更關(guān)注外部和諧，而不是廣泛地施與幫助，這在他們的人生早期尤為明顯——當(dāng)他們還在全神貫注地追逐自己的Ti目標(biāo)時(shí)。然而，一旦這些Ti目標(biāo)得到圓滿地實(shí)現(xiàn)，他們會(huì)逐漸變得大善大愛(ài)。

比如，在愛(ài)因斯坦身上我們就能看到這一點(diǎn)，他在人生的后半段對(duì)人類(lèi)有了更多的慈悲與體諒。

Reluctance to Extravert Judgment

抗拒堅(jiān)定地對(duì)外主張

In addition to their interest in maintaining external harmony, INTPs may forgo expressing their judgments because of concerns about their ability to effectively articulate them, perhaps fearing they will be perceived as less intelligent than they really are. Hence, their reluctance to self-express relates not only to a concern for others, but also to their own fears and insecurities. It can therefore take a great deal of courage for INTPs to assert themselves, particularly when discussing matters that make them anxious or uncomfortable. INTJs, in contrast, whose extraverted Judging function (Te) is in the auxiliary position, seem to have little problem in this regard.

INTP總是會(huì)放棄表達(dá)自己的主張，不僅僅是為了保持外部和諧，也可能是因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心自己并不能有效地傳達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，從而害怕自己的聰明才智被誤解或低估。

因此，他們拒絕自我表達(dá)不只是因?yàn)殛P(guān)心他人的需求，也源于他們自己內(nèi)在的恐懼與不安。

對(duì)于INTP來(lái)說(shuō)，要讓他們進(jìn)行堅(jiān)定的自我主張往往需要巨大的勇氣，尤其是在討論那些讓他們感到焦慮或不舒服的話題時(shí)。相比之下，那些輔助功能為外向判斷(Te)的人格型，就不太會(huì)遇到這樣的問(wèn)題。

Because of their difficulty with direct self-expression, INTPs are prone to making sudden executive decisions without any prior communication. Others may be left feeling incredulous as to why the INTP had not thought to discuss the issue with them first. INTPs may also exhibit passive-aggressive forms of behavior, such as intentionally staying late at the office to eschew or resist domestic expectations. INTPs can resemble IFP types in this regard, who have a similar propensity for acting passive-aggressively rather than expressing their concerns more directly.

由于INTP很難坦率地表達(dá)自我，他們反而容易在沒(méi)有任何事先溝通的情況下做出突然的行為決定，其他人可能會(huì)對(duì)此感到難以置信，為什么INTP壓根都沒(méi)有事先談起過(guò)這些決定。

INTP也可能會(huì)展現(xiàn)出一些消極攻擊行為，比如故意加班以回避或抵抗家庭的壓力。在這方面，INTP像IFP型人格一樣，傾向于選擇消極攻擊行為，而不是直接地表達(dá)他們的憂慮。

Desire to Teach/Enlighten Others

渴望啟迪他人

Like FJs, INTPs like the idea of teaching others. INTPs strive to discover knowledge or wisdom they can use to enlighten the world. But as we’ve seen, INTPs can struggle when it comes to directly expressing their judgments. They are more comfortable exchanging ideas by way of their auxiliary Ne than they are in delivering Fe monologues. INTPs can also become impatient with those who are slow to understand or embrace their ideas.They often expect others to learn as quickly and independently as they do. For these reasons, INTPs are often ill-suited for teaching (with the possible exception of college/university professorship) and better off sharing their insights less directly, such as through writing.

和FJ型一樣，INTP也喜歡教導(dǎo)別人。INTP努力地發(fā)明各種新知識(shí)和新學(xué)問(wèn)，來(lái)照亮這個(gè)世界。但正如我們所見(jiàn)，INTP在表達(dá)自我時(shí)通常都很受折磨，他們更愿意選擇溫和的交換意見(jiàn)的方式（輔助功能Ne主導(dǎo)），而不是他們個(gè)人獨(dú)白的方式（Fe主導(dǎo)）。

INTP也容易對(duì)那些理解或接受他們的觀點(diǎn)較為遲緩的人失去耐心，他們通常希望別人都能像他們一樣快速而獨(dú)立地學(xué)習(xí)。由于上述原因，INTP往往并不適合教學(xué)工作（可能擔(dān)任大學(xué)教授會(huì)好一丟丟），他們更適合那種間接地分享自己觀點(diǎn)的方式，比如寫(xiě)作等。

Desire for Affirmation/Validation

渴望被認(rèn)可

Fe involves making connections between one’s own emotions and those of others. When a successful connection occurs, it results in a sense of validation, of being valued and understood. While INTPs can do at fair job at reading others’ emotions and are cognitively aware of the appropriate social response, they often do not “feel” what others are feeling. Despite this difficulty in connecting with others on a feeling level, their Fe still desires the same sense of affirmation and validation that FJs readily receive when engaging with people. This need for affirmation can be seen as a motivating force behind INTPs’ desire for achievement. It is why many INTPs score high as Enneagram Threes (3) and display certain narcissistic tendencies. Personally, I never understood my desire to write for a popular audience (rather than an academic one) until I recognized that my Fe was pushing for widespread affirmation.

Fe是一個(gè)能把個(gè)人的情感與他人的情感連接起來(lái)的功能，當(dāng)連接成功發(fā)生時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種認(rèn)可感——被理解和被珍視的感覺(jué)。而對(duì)于Fe處于第四功能的INTP來(lái)說(shuō)，盡管他們也能讀懂別人的情緒，能在認(rèn)知層面作出適當(dāng)?shù)幕貞?yīng)，但大多數(shù)情況下他們并“感受”不到別人的感覺(jué)。

INTP很難在情感層面與他人建立起聯(lián)結(jié)，但他們的Fe又依然在渴望著別人的欣賞與肯定——這也是FJ型人格在與人打交道時(shí)通常能夠收獲到的東西。

這種渴望被他人認(rèn)可的需要可以看作是INTP不斷追求卓越的底層激勵(lì)來(lái)源，這也是很多INTP在九型人格的第三型上得分較高、表現(xiàn)出自戀傾向的原因。

就我個(gè)人而言，直到意識(shí)到我的Fe功能在推動(dòng)著我想要獲取更為廣泛的肯定，我才開(kāi)始理解自己內(nèi)心深處想為普羅大眾寫(xiě)作的欲望（而非學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作）。

Because INTPs, wittingly or not, rely on others for affirmation, they may often feel they cannot live without at least one other person in their lives. At other times, they can feel incredibly independent (Ti). Especially when their work is going well, they may feel they don’t really need other people. If they manage to completely isolate themselves from others, they will soon begin to feel that something important is missing from their lives. This prompts them to reinitiate contact with others, at least until they feel compelled to assert their independence again. This cycle of alternating between needing and devaluing others is common among INTPs and narcissists alike.

由于INTP有意或無(wú)意地都依賴(lài)于他人的肯定，所有有些時(shí)候，他們會(huì)覺(jué)得如果生活中沒(méi)有其他人那簡(jiǎn)直活不下去，但有些時(shí)候，他們又會(huì)覺(jué)得自己完全的獨(dú)立(Ti功能主導(dǎo))，尤其是當(dāng)他們的工作都進(jìn)展順利時(shí)，他們會(huì)覺(jué)得并不需要其他人。

但一旦他們真的開(kāi)始嘗試把自己和別人完全隔離開(kāi)來(lái)，又會(huì)很快地意識(shí)到生活中缺少了一些重要的東西，這會(huì)促使他們又重新開(kāi)始與別人接觸，一直到他們覺(jué)得有必要再次捍衛(wèi)自己獨(dú)立性的時(shí)候。

在INTP和一些自戀型人格中，出現(xiàn)這種“渴望他人”又“疏遠(yuǎn)他人”的交替循環(huán)很常見(jiàn)。

Slippery, “All-or-Nothing” Emotions

滑向“要么全有，要么全無(wú)”的情緒里

Despite the inferior position of their Fe, INTPs are not emotionless robots. Rather, as is typically the case with the inferior, there is an all-or-nothing character to their Fe. INTPs’ emotions seem to have a mind of their own, coming and going as they please. Consequently, INTPs often feel awkward or inept in emotional situations, knowing that they cannot readily summon the situationally-appropriate emotions.

盡管INTP的Fe功能位置很靠后，但I(xiàn)NTP并不是沒(méi)有情感的機(jī)器人，相反，就像通常情況下第四功能所呈現(xiàn)出的狀態(tài)一樣，INTP的Fe功能也會(huì)表現(xiàn)出“要么全有，要么全無(wú)”的特征。

INTP的情緒似乎總是來(lái)來(lái)去去，不受控制，因此，在一些情感狀態(tài)中，INTP往往會(huì)感到有些尷尬或者無(wú)能為力——因?yàn)樗麄儾⒉惶軉酒鹋c當(dāng)下情境相適宜的情緒。

As mentioned previously, INTPs are usually cognitively aware of what emotions are appropriate for a given situation, but without experiencing them directly, they can sound clumsy or mechanical in their expressions. This can be difficult for their romantic partners, particularly for FJ types, since FJs desire a sense of authentic emotional communion. While INTPs may experience strong feelings for their partners while away from them, they may not have those emotions or may have trouble communicating them while together.

正如前文所提到的，INTP大體上還是知道對(duì)不同的情緒做出合適的反應(yīng)，但對(duì)于一些沒(méi)有直接經(jīng)驗(yàn)的情感體驗(yàn)，他們還是會(huì)表現(xiàn)得稍顯笨拙或呆板，于是這對(duì)于他們的戀人來(lái)說(shuō)就有些麻煩了，尤其是對(duì)于那些FJ型的伴侶，因?yàn)镕J型人格往往渴望真正的情感交流。

當(dāng)伴侶不在身邊時(shí)，INTP也許會(huì)對(duì)伴侶產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的情感依戀，但真正待在一起時(shí)，他們又可能反而沒(méi)有這種感覺(jué)或者很難傳達(dá)出自己的情感。

For most INTPs, their Fe is rather naive and childlike. They may, for instance, be easily moved by cheesy romantic comedies or sappy love songs, anything that unconsciously incites their Fe emotions. This can also make INTPs easy targets for love-at-first-sight sorts of infatuation. They are particularly susceptible to being wooed by Feeling types, who can bypass their typical channels of logic and directly appeal to INTPs’ less conscious Fe.

對(duì)大多數(shù)INTP來(lái)說(shuō)，他們的Fe功能會(huì)展現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)幼稚或孩子氣的一面，比如，他們可能會(huì)很容易被一些套路的浪漫喜劇、傷心情歌所打動(dòng)，或者是其他任何無(wú)意中激發(fā)出他們Fe功能的東西。

這也使得INTP在感情上很容易一見(jiàn)鐘情，他們會(huì)特別容易被F型人格所吸引，因?yàn)镕型的人會(huì)繞過(guò)INTP的邏輯理性區(qū)，直接對(duì)他們“最弱的功能Fe”產(chǎn)生吸引力。

While INTPs struggle to directly summon or contact their emotions, they can readily override or detach from them, almost functioning as though they didn’t exist. Consequently, INTPs may not consciously struggle with the same degree of guilt, regret, or shame as other types. Others may be surprised how quickly INTPs can seemingly resume “business as usual” after what most would consider tragic or traumatic circumstances.

INTP在掙扎于如何才能喚起自己的情緒反應(yīng)或與之建立聯(lián)結(jié)時(shí)，他們也同樣能很輕易地?cái)[脫掉這些情緒，仿佛完全就沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)一樣。

因此，INTP不太會(huì)經(jīng)歷那些其他人格型在內(nèi)疚感、慚愧感和羞恥感方面的掙扎。

很多人都驚訝于INTP在一些大型悲劇或創(chuàng)傷性事件后的復(fù)原能力——他們似乎立刻就能“一切如?！?。

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