摘要： 目的:瞄準(zhǔn)學(xué)術(shù)前沿明確全球“腦計劃”背景下體力活動/鍛煉與大腦相關(guān)研究的重要理論與實踐意義。方法:借助第64屆美國運動醫(yī)學(xué)年會暨首次鍛煉與大腦基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)國際會議契機(jī),運用文獻(xiàn)綜述的方法系統(tǒng)回顧了40年來揭示體力活動/鍛煉與大腦關(guān)系的研究。結(jié)果:越來越多的研究不斷驗證了心肺健康水平或有氧能力以及體力活動對大腦的認(rèn)知健康均有積極效益。其機(jī)制是改造大腦結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,提高腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(BDNF)、血清胰島素生長因子(IGF-1)、血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VGEF)水平,以及通過提高心血管健康來提升營養(yǎng)運輸和廢物清除能力等。其中,兒童人群的研究進(jìn)展相對系統(tǒng)而全面,其次是老年人群。結(jié)論:盡管體力活動/鍛煉對認(rèn)知健康的影響機(jī)制上取得了不少有關(guān)大腦功能與結(jié)構(gòu)的可重復(fù)性成果,但是在體力活動/鍛煉、大腦、認(rèn)知三者之間特異性關(guān)聯(lián)模式的確立等問題上仍然面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),需要不斷完善和深入。

關(guān)鍵詞: 體力活動/鍛煉, 大腦, 心肺健康, 有氧運動, 認(rèn)知健康

Abstract: Objective:To clarify the important theoretical and practical significance of physical activities/exercise and brain-related research in the global "brain plan" context and aim at academic frontiers. Methods:Based on the opportunity of the 64th Annual Meeting of American College of Sports Medicine and the First International Conference on Basic Science of Exercise and the Brain, this paper makes a systematic review of 40 years of research on the relationship between physical activities/exercise and brain. Results: An increasing number of studies have consistently demonstrated that cardiorespiratory fitness or aerobic capacity as well as physical activities that help improve the capacity have positive effects on the cognitive health of the brain, which, in addition to modifying the structure and function of brain, increase the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1, (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF) through a highly-accepted mechanism based on animal models, and enhance nutrient transport and waste clearance by increasing cardiorespiratory fitness. Among them, the current research on children population is relatively systematic and comprehensive, and is followed by that on the elderly population. Conclusion:Although there are many reproducible results about the brain function and structure, including the explanation for the molecular level, the establishment of the specific association mode between exercise, brain and cognition still faces harsh challenges and needs continuous improvement and research . This article also gives some suggestions for future research.

Key words: physical activities/ exercise, brain, cardiorespiratory fitness, aerobic exercise, cognitive health

中圖分類號: 

G804.5

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