德國(guó)素食者及健康非素食者生活方式及死亡率:21 年隨訪結(jié)果

背景: 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)眾多國(guó)家素食者的觀察, 有助于研究素食者的飲食習(xí)慣和生活方式與死亡率的相對(duì)效應(yīng)

方法: 對(duì)德國(guó)素食者和有意識(shí)的健康者進(jìn)行 21 年隨訪的群體研究, 包括 1,225 名素食者和 679 名非素食健康者. 比較了研究人群與一般人群的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化死亡比. 人群中應(yīng)用退性性模型研究一些危險(xiǎn)因子對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)的影響.

結(jié)果: 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化死亡比明顯低于 100:59(95%CI,54-64), 主要死亡原因?yàn)樾难芗膊? 人群中, 素食者和非素食者在死亡率上沒有差別 (RR,1.10;955CI,.89-1.36), 然而在年齡, 性別, 吸煙飲酒習(xí)慣, 體重指數(shù)基本相同的人群中, 中等及高強(qiáng)度體育運(yùn)動(dòng)能明顯降低死亡率 (RR,0.62,0.64), 素食者缺血行心臟病死亡比率降低了 0.70(95%CI,0.41-1.18)

結(jié)論: 與一般人群對(duì)比, 素食者和非素食健康者的死亡率均有降低. 較少吸煙中等或高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)的非嚴(yán)格素食者的死亡率降低. 患缺血性心臟病的素食者的死亡率與健康非素食者死亡率相比無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異

Reference:

Lifestyle determinants and mortality in German vegetarians and health-conscious persons: results of a 21-year follow-up.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Apr;14(4):963-8.

BACKGROUND: The long-term observation of vegetarians in affluent countries can provide insight into the relative effects of a vegetarian diet and lifestyle factors on mortality. METHODS: A cohort study of vegetarians and health-conscious persons in Germany was followed-up prospectively for 21 years, including 1,225 vegetarians and 679 health-conscious nonvegetarians. Standardized mortality ratios compared with the German general population were calculated for all causes and specific causes. Within the cohort, Poisson regression modeling was used to investigate the joint effects of several risk factors on overall and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: Standardized mortality ratios for all-cause mortality was significantly below 100: 59 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 54-64], predominantly due to a deficit of deaths from circulatory diseases. Within the cohort, vegetarian compared with nonvegetarian diet had no effect on overall mortality [rate ratio (RR), 1.10; 95% CI, 0.89-1.36], whereas moderate and high physical activity significantly reduced risk of death (RR, 0.62, 0.64), adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, and educational level. Vegetarian diet was however associated with a reduced RR of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.41-1.18) for ischemic heart disease, which could partly be related to avoidance of meat. CONCLUSIONS: Both vegetarians and nonvegetarian health-conscious persons in this study have reduced mortality compared with the general population. Within the study, low prevalence of smoking and moderate or high level of physical activity but not strictly vegetarian diet was associated with reduced overall mortality. The nonsignificant reduction in mortality from ischemic heart diseases in vegetarians compared with health-conscious persons could be explained in part by avoidance of meat intake.

編輯： Zhu

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