摘要：

農(nóng)藥殺蟲(chóng)劑是農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域和家庭中使用的主要農(nóng)藥類(lèi)別之一，包括有機(jī)氯類(lèi)殺蟲(chóng)劑（organo-chlorine pesticide，OCP）、有機(jī)磷類(lèi)殺蟲(chóng)劑（organophosphate pesticide，OP）、氨基甲酸酯類(lèi)殺蟲(chóng)劑（carbamate pesticides，CM）、擬除蟲(chóng)菊酯類(lèi)殺蟲(chóng)劑（pyrethroid pesticide，PYR）和新煙堿類(lèi)殺蟲(chóng)劑（neonicotinoid）等，被廣泛應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)園林和家庭室內(nèi)的防蟲(chóng)除蟲(chóng)，在環(huán)境中廣泛殘留，可通過(guò)飲用水和食物鏈等多種暴露途徑在人體中富集，從而對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生一系列不良影響。近年來(lái)，農(nóng)藥殺蟲(chóng)劑對(duì)女性生殖健康的潛在危害引起了人們的關(guān)注。越來(lái)越多的研究表明，農(nóng)藥殺蟲(chóng)劑暴露與女性生殖內(nèi)分泌異常、月經(jīng)周期紊亂、生育能力下降、備孕時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)、自然流產(chǎn)和女性?xún)?nèi)生殖器官疾病等有關(guān)。然而農(nóng)藥殺蟲(chóng)劑影響女性生殖健康的發(fā)生機(jī)制尚不明確。該文總結(jié)了近年來(lái)農(nóng)藥殺蟲(chóng)劑暴露與女性生殖健康相關(guān)的環(huán)境流行病學(xué)研究，并從下丘腦-垂體-性腺軸干擾、誘導(dǎo)氧化應(yīng)激及生殖細(xì)胞凋亡等方面，對(duì)農(nóng)藥殺蟲(chóng)劑誘導(dǎo)雌性生殖毒性的潛在作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行了探討。

關(guān)鍵詞: 農(nóng)藥, 殺蟲(chóng)劑, 女性生殖, 毒性機(jī)制

Abstract:

Insecticide is one of the main categories of pesticides used in agriculture and households, including organo-chlorine pesticide (OCP), organophosphate pesticide (OP), carbamate pesticide (CM), pyrethroid pesticide (PYR), and neonicotinoids. They are widely used for pest control in agricultural gardens and homes. The residues of insecticides have been extensively detected in the environment, and they can be enriched through multiple exposure pathways (such as drinking water, food chain) to produce adverse health effects on humans. In recent years, the potential reproductive health risk to females has attracted people's attention. There is an increasing evidence that insecticide exposure is related to female reproductive endocrine abnormalities, menstrual cycle disorders, decreased fertility, long time to pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and female internal genital diseases. However, the mechanism of the impact of pesticides on female reproductive health remains unclear. This article reviews recent epidemiological studies on the relationship between insecticides exposure and female reproductive health. This article also discusses the potential effects of insecticides on the interference of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, oxidative stress, and germ cell apoptosis.

Key words: pesticides, insecticides, female reproduction, toxicological mechanism

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): 

R114

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