摘要：

孕期營養(yǎng)與妊娠結(jié)局及子代健康密切相關(guān)。長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acids，PUFAs）主要包括二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid，DHA）、二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid，EPA）、花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid，AA）、α-亞麻酸（α-linolenic acid，ALA）及亞油酸（linoleic acid，LA）。人體DHA、EPA和AA主要通過膳食攝入或由必需脂肪酸ALA及LA合成。PUFAs是體內(nèi)膽固醇酯、磷脂及脂肪的重要組成成分，參與細(xì)胞膜的構(gòu)成，可作為第二信使前體傳遞信號；可轉(zhuǎn)化合成激素及PUFAs衍生物，通過多種途經(jīng)，發(fā)揮復(fù)雜的生物學(xué)功能。婦女孕期n-3 PUFAs（EPA、DHA）不足，可能與先兆子癇、早產(chǎn)及產(chǎn)后抑郁的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高有關(guān)，并影響兒童心血管遠(yuǎn)期健康，但這些相關(guān)性還存在一定的爭議。母親孕期n-3 PUFAs（EPA、DHA）的攝入可能與兒童喘息及哮喘風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低有關(guān)，而n-6 PUFAs（AA）攝入量過多可能與哮喘、過敏性鼻炎的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān)。對DHA不足的早產(chǎn)兒，及時(shí)補(bǔ)充DHA可促進(jìn)神經(jīng)發(fā)育。目前缺乏孕婦及新生兒這一敏感人群PUFAs正常參考范圍，有必要進(jìn)一步研究和建立相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以便合理指導(dǎo)孕婦孕期PUFAs營養(yǎng)。

關(guān)鍵詞: 多不飽和脂肪酸, 母嬰健康, 二十二碳六烯酸

Abstract:

The nutritional status during pregnancy is closely related to the pregnancy outcome of the mother and the health of the offspring. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mainly include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA). DHA, EPA and AA in human body are mainly from diet or synthesized from essential fatty acids ALA and LA. As the important components of cholesterol esters, phospholipids and fat in human body, PUFAs play complex biological functions through a variety of ways. For instance, PUFAs can participate in the composition of cell membrane, work as the second messenger precursors to transmit signals, and transform into hormones and PUFAs derivatives. Lack of PUFAs (EPA and DHA) during pregnancy may be related to the increased risk of preeclampsia, preterm delivery and postpartum depression, and affect the long-term cardiovascular health of children, but these correlations are still controversial. The increased intake of n-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) during pregnancy might be associated with the reduced risk of wheezing and asthma, while the increased intake of n-6 PUFAs (AA) might be associated with the increased risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis. For premature infants with insufficient DHA, timely supplementation of DHA could promote neurodevelopment. At present, there is a lack of normal reference range of PUFAs for pregnant women and newborns as the sensitive population. Thus, it is necessary to further study and establish the normal reference range of PUFAs in order to reasonably guide the nutrition of PUFAs during pregnancy.

Key words: polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), maternal and infant health, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

中圖分類號: 

R151

相關(guān)知識

兒童營養(yǎng)影響兒童早期發(fā)展的研究進(jìn)展
合理膳食中，飽和脂肪、單不飽和、多不飽和脂肪酸比例要均衡
健康脂肪：認(rèn)識不同類型脂肪對身體的影響
孕期全氟烷基化合物暴露對胎兒生長發(fā)育影響的研究進(jìn)展
椎管內(nèi)分娩鎮(zhèn)痛對胎兒和新生兒影響的研究進(jìn)展
母嬰分離狀態(tài)下母乳喂養(yǎng)的研究進(jìn)展
減胎術(shù)對孕婦心理健康影響的研究進(jìn)展
孕婦葉酸正確服用率及其影響因素研究進(jìn)展
孕期健康教育影響母親的嬰兒睡眠照護(hù)知識和行為狀況研究
長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸與人體健康

網(wǎng)址: 孕期多不飽和脂肪酸對母嬰健康影響的研究進(jìn)展 http://www.u1s5d6.cn/newsview180861.html