首頁(yè) 資訊社會(huì)支持對(duì)老年群體生存質(zhì)量的影響：希望與孤獨(dú)感的中介作用

社會(huì)支持對(duì)老年群體生存質(zhì)量的影響：希望與孤獨(dú)感的中介作用

來(lái)源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時(shí)間：2025年05月08日 03:11

摘要: 以往研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，社會(huì)支持直接影響老年群體生存質(zhì)量水平。然而，這些研究對(duì)社會(huì)支持產(chǎn)生影響的間接路徑探討較少。因此，基于社會(huì)支持路徑理論，采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的方法對(duì)553名老年群體進(jìn)行研究, 結(jié)果顯示: (1)社會(huì)支持、希望、孤獨(dú)感與老年群體生存質(zhì)量之間相關(guān)顯著, 社會(huì)支持、希望和孤獨(dú)感都是影響老年群體生存質(zhì)量的重要因素; (2)社會(huì)支持顯著正向預(yù)測(cè)希望和老年群體生存質(zhì)量, 顯著負(fù)向預(yù)測(cè)孤獨(dú)感; (3)社會(huì)支持通過(guò)希望影響老年群體生存質(zhì)量的中介效應(yīng)顯著; (4)社會(huì)支持通過(guò)孤獨(dú)感影響老年群體生存質(zhì)量的中介效應(yīng)顯著; (5)希望和孤獨(dú)感在社會(huì)支持與老年群體生存質(zhì)量之間起多重中介效應(yīng)。研究結(jié)果證實(shí)了社會(huì)支持影響老年群體生存質(zhì)量的心理機(jī)制, 以及希望和孤獨(dú)感在此間的雙重中介效應(yīng), 為提升老年群體心理健康水平提供了實(shí)踐依據(jù)。

Abstract: Based on the social support theory, the influence of social support on old people's psychological health is analyzed to build a mediator model of hope and loneliness for exploring the internal mechanism of the old people's psychological health development. The questionnaire method is adopted to survey 553 old people and the data are analyzed according to the structural equation model. The main results are as follows. First, social support, hope and loneliness are all vital factors in the old people's psychological health. Second, social support predicts hope and psychological health significantly positively but predicts loneliness significantly negatively. Third, the mediating effect of social support on psychological health via the hope is obvious. Fourth, the mediating effect of social support on psychological health via loneliness is obvious, too. Finally, hope and loneliness function as multiple agents between social support and psychological health. The psychological mechanism of social support influencing the old people's psychological health and the mediating effect of the hope and loneliness are verified. Some practical suggestions are given for improving the old people's psychological health.

圖 1 社會(huì)支持、希望、孤獨(dú)感和老年群體生存質(zhì)量的關(guān)系模型及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化路徑系數(shù)(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差)

注：***p<0.001；社會(huì)支持分為客觀支持(KGZC)、主觀支持(ZGZC)和對(duì)支持的利用度(ZCLY)；希望分為路徑思維(LJSW)和動(dòng)力思維(DLSW)；孤獨(dú)感分為社交孤獨(dú)(SJGD)和情緒孤獨(dú)(QXGD)；老年群體生存質(zhì)量分為生理領(lǐng)域(PHYS)、心理領(lǐng)域(PSYCH)、社會(huì)關(guān)系領(lǐng)域(SOCIL)和環(huán)境領(lǐng)域(ENVIR)。

表 1 變量描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)及相關(guān)系數(shù)(N=553)

變量性別年齡社會(huì)支持生存質(zhì)量希望感孤獨(dú)感性別a 年齡 -0.08 社會(huì)支持 0.07 0.43 生存質(zhì)量 0.13** 0.16** 0.48** 希望感 0.06 0.13** 0.34** 0.68** 孤獨(dú)感 -0.07 -0.02 -0.49** -0.41** -0.331** M 1.42 63.88 41.24 92.87 23.82 52.28 SD 0.49 4.37 8.10 16.20 4.17 17.02 注: **p＜0.01，性別a: 男性=1，女性=2。

表 2 驗(yàn)證性因子分析結(jié)果

模型 χ2 df χ2/df CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR 基準(zhǔn)模型 9634.015 2621 3.676 0.708 0.699 0.070 0.064 三因素模型A 10221.940 2624 3.896 0.684 0.674 0.072 0.074 三因素模型B 11381.872 2624 4.338 0.635 0.625 0.078 0.100 二因素模型 11956.255 2626 4.553 0.612 0.600 0.080 0.106 單因素模型 15799.639 2627 6.014 0.452 0.436 0.095 0.115 注：N=553，基準(zhǔn)模型: 即研究假設(shè)的四因素模型, 包括社會(huì)支持、生存質(zhì)量、希望和孤獨(dú)感這四個(gè)因素；三因素模型A: 把社會(huì)支持和生存質(zhì)量合并成一個(gè)因素, 希望和孤獨(dú)感保持不變；三因素模型B: 把希望和孤獨(dú)感合并成一個(gè)因素, 社會(huì)支持和生存質(zhì)量保持不變；兩因素模型: 把社會(huì)支持和生存質(zhì)量合并成第一個(gè)因素, 希望和孤獨(dú)感合并成第二個(gè)因素；單因素模型: 所有變量，即社會(huì)支持、生存質(zhì)量、希望和孤獨(dú)感合并成一個(gè)因素。

表 3 各個(gè)模型的擬合指數(shù)

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